計(jì)算書(shū)翻譯中英對(duì)照
水樣中聯(lián)胺的含量(N2H4)按下式計(jì)算:
式中 a—與水樣顏色相同(當(dāng))的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色中聯(lián)胺工作溶液的體積,毫升;
2—聯(lián)胺工作溶液的濃度,微克/毫升;
V—所取水樣的體積,毫升。
六、注意事項(xiàng)
1、水樣溫度過(guò)高時(shí),應(yīng)使其冷卻至室溫。
2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色與水樣應(yīng)同時(shí)加入劑顯色,放置時(shí)間也應(yīng)相同。
3、水樣中聯(lián)胺濃度大于200微克/升時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)稀釋。
第三節(jié) 器皿洗滌
在分析工作前,必須將所需用的器皿仔細(xì)洗凈。洗凈器皿的內(nèi)壁應(yīng)能被水均勻潤(rùn)濕而無(wú)條紋及水珠。
一般玻璃器皿,例如燒杯或錐形瓶的洗滌可用刷子蘸肥皂液或混合洗滌劑來(lái)刷洗,刷洗后再用自來(lái)水沖凈,若仍有油污可用鉻酸洗滌液來(lái)浸泡。使用時(shí),先將要洗滌器皿內(nèi)的水液倒盡,再將洗滌液倒入欲洗滌的器皿中浸數(shù)分鐘,如將洗滌液預(yù)先溫?zé)釀t收效更大。洗滌液對(duì)那些不易用刷子刷到的器皿,進(jìn)行洗滌更為方便。
滴定管如無(wú)明顯油污的,可直接用自來(lái)水沖洗,再用滴定管刷刷洗,若有油污可倒入鉻酸洗液把滴定管橫過(guò)來(lái),兩手平端滴定管轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)至洗液布滿全管。堿式滴定管則應(yīng)將橡皮管卸下,把橡皮滴頭套在滴定管底部,然后再倒入洗液,進(jìn)行洗滌污染嚴(yán)重的滴定管可直接倒入鉻酸洗滌液浸泡數(shù)小時(shí)后再用水沖洗。
容量瓶用水沖洗后,如還不干凈,可倒入洗滌液搖動(dòng)或浸泡,再用水沖洗干凈,但不得使用瓶刷刷洗。
移液管。吸取洗滌液進(jìn)行洗滌,若污染嚴(yán)重則可放在高型玻璃筒或大量筒內(nèi)用洗滌液浸泡,再用水沖洗干凈。
上述儀器洗好后,將用過(guò)的洗滌液仍倒入原瓶貯存?zhèn)溆。器皿用自?lái)水沖洗干凈,最后用蒸餾水洗三次。
第四節(jié) 化學(xué)常用(附表)
一.化學(xué)元素的名稱、符號(hào)和相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量
原子序數(shù) 名 稱 符 號(hào) 相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量
1 氫 H 1.007
2 氦 He 4.002
3 鋰 Li 6.941
4 鈹 Be 9.012
5 硼 B 10.811
6 碳 C 12.011
7 氮 N 14.006
8 氧 O 15.999
9 氟 F 18.998
10 氖 Ne 20.179
11 鈉 Na 22.989
12 鎂 Mg 24.305
13 鋁 AL 26.981
14 硅 Si 28.085
15 磷 P 30.973
16 硫 S 32.066
17 氯 CL 35.452
18 氬 Ar 39.948
19 鉀 K 39.098
20 鈣 Ca 40.078
21 鈧 Sc 44.955
22 鈦 Ti 47.88
23 釩 V 50. 941
24 鉻 Cr 51.996
25 錳 Mn 54.938
26 鐵 Fe 55.847
27 鈷 Co 58.933
28 鎳 Ni 58.69
29 銅 Cu 63.546
30 鋅 Zn 65.39
31 鎵 Ga 69.723
32 鍺 Ge 72.61
33 砷 As 74.921
34 硒 Se 78.96
35 溴 Br 79.9.04
36 氪 Kr 83.80
原子序數(shù) 名 稱 符 號(hào) 相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量
37 銣 Rb 85.467
38 鍶 Sr 87.62
39 釔 Y 88.905
40 鋯 Zr 91.224
41 鈮 Nb 92.906
42 鉬 Mo 95.94
43 锝* Tc
44 釕 Ru 101.07
45 銠 Rh 102.905
46 鈀 Pd 106.42
47 銀 Ag 107.868
48 鎘 Cd 112.411
49 銦 In 114.82
50 錫 Sn 118.71
51 銻 Sb 121.75
52 碲 Te 127.60
53 碘 I 126.904
54 氙 Xe 131.29
55 銫 Cs 132.905
56 鋇 Ba 137.327
57 鑭 La 138.905
58 鈰 Ce 140.115
59 鐠 Pr 140.907
60 釹 Nd 144.24
61 钷 Pm
62 釤 Sm 150.36
63 銪 Eu 151.965
64 釓 Gd 157.25
65 鋱 Tb 158.925
66 鏑 Dy 162.50
67 鈥 Ho 164.930
68 鉺 Er 167.26
69 銩 Tm 168.934
70 鐿 Yb 173.04
71 镥 Lu 174.967
72 鉿 Hf 178.49
73 鉭 Ta 180.947
74 鎢 W 183.85
75 錸 Re 186.207
76 鋨 Os 190.2
77 銥 Ir 192.22
78 鉑 Pt 195.08
原子序數(shù) 名 稱 符 號(hào) 相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量
79 金 Au 196.966
80 汞 Hg 200.59
81 鉈 Tl 204.383
82 鉛 Pb 207.2
83 鉍 Bi 208.980
84 釙* Po
85 釙* At
86 氡* Rn
87 鈁* Fr
88 鐳* Ra
89 錒* Ac
90 釷* Th 232.038
91 鏷* Pa 231.035
92 鈾* U 238.028
93 镎* Np
94 钚* Pu
95 镅* Am
96 鋦* Cm
97 锫* Bk
98 锎* Cf
99 锿* Es
100 鐨* Fm
101 鍆* Md
102 锘* No
103 鐒* Lr
104 元素104* Unq
105 元素105* Unp
106 元素106* Unh
107 元素107* Uns
* 沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定同位素的元素
二.PNa鈉離子濃度的換算
PNa值 3 4 5 6 7 8
Na+(N) 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8
Na+濃度
(PPM) 23 2.3 23×10-2 23×10-3 23×10-4 23×10-5
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.00 230 183 145 115 91.6 72.7 57.8 45.9 36.5 29.0
0.01 225 179 124 113 89.5 71.1 56.5 44.8 35.6 28.3
0.02 220 175 139 110 87.4 69.5 55.2 43.8 34.8 27.7
0.03 215 171 135 108 85.4 67.9 53.9 42.8 34 27.0
0.04 210 167 132 105 83.5 66.3 52.7 41.9 33.3 26.4
0.05 205 163 129 103 81.6 64.8 51.5 40.9 32.5 25.8
0.06 200 159 126 100 79.7 63.3 50.3 40.0 31.7 25.2
0.07 196 156 124 98.1 77.9 61.9 49.2 39.1 31.0 24.7
0.08 191 152 121 95.9 76.2 60.6 48.1 38.2 30.3 24.1
0.09 187 149 118 93.7 74.4 59.1 47.0 37.3 29.6 23.6
查表方法:例如測(cè)得PNa=5.24,首數(shù)為5,Na+含量的量級(jí)應(yīng)在230PPb之間;根據(jù)尾數(shù)0.24查表含Na+含量Pna5.24=132PPb。
三.計(jì)量單位符號(hào)的中文名
符 號(hào) 中文名 符 號(hào) 中 文 名 符 號(hào) 中 文 名
M 米 dm 分米(10-1米) cm 厘米(10-2米)
Inm 毫米(10-3米) um 微米(10-6米) nm 納米(10-9米)
G 克 Kg 千克(103克) mg 毫克(10-3克)
Ug 微克(10-6克) t 噸(103公斤) sec 鈔
Min 分(60秒) h 時(shí)(60分) d 日
Y 年 l(L) 升 m 毫升
M 摩爾濃度 mol 摩爾 mmo 毫克摩爾(毫摩爾)
N 當(dāng)量濃度 me/l 毫克當(dāng)量/升 ue/l 微克當(dāng)量/升
Ppm 百萬(wàn)分率 ppb 十億分率 epb 十億分率當(dāng)量
Epm 百萬(wàn)分率當(dāng)量 ml/s 毫升/秒 ml/min 毫升/分
m/h 米/小時(shí) ℃ 攝氏度 K 開(kāi)氏溫標(biāo)
Hz 赫磁(周/秒) COD 化學(xué)耗(需)氧量 S 西門子
Ω 歐姆 V 伏特 mV 毫伏
W 瓦特
四. 酸、堿、鹽重量百分濃度與比重的關(guān)系
重量百分濃度(%)
比 重 ( )
HCL HNO3 H2SO4 HAc NaOH NH3•H20 NaCL
1 1.003 1.004 1.005 0.999 1.010 0.994 1.005
2 1.008 1.009 1.012 1.001 1.021 0.990 1.013
3 1.015 1.018 1.003 1.032 1.020
4 1.018 1.020 1.025 1.004 1.043 0.981 1.027
5 1.026 1.032 1.006 1.054 1.034
6 1.028 1.031 1.039 1.007 1.065 0.973 1.041
7 1.037 1.045 1.008 1.076 1.049
8 1.038 1.043 1.052 1.010 1.087 0.965 1.056
9 1.049 1.059 1.011 1.098 1.063
10 1.047 1.054 1.066 1.013 1.109 0.958 1.071
11 1.060 1.073 1.014 1.120 1.078
12 1.057 1.067 1.080 1.015 1.131 0.950 1.086
13 1.072 1.087 1.017 1.142 1.093
14 1.068 1.078 1.095 1.018 1.142 1.093
15 1.084 1.102 1.020 1.164 1.109
16 1.078 1.090 1.109 1.021 1.175 0.936 1.116
17 1.096 1.117 1.022 1.186 1.124
18 1.088 1.103 1.124 1.024 1.197 0.930 1.132
19 1.109 1.132 1.025 1.208 1.140
20 1.098 1.115 1.139 1.026 1.219 0.923 1.148
21 1.121 1.147 1.028 1.230 1.156
22 1.108 1.128 1.155 1.029 1.241 0.916 1.164
23 1.134 1.163 1.030 1.252 1.172
24 1.119 1.140 1.170 1.031 1.263 0.910 1.180
25 1.147 1.178 1.033 1.274 1.189
26 1.129 1.153 1.186 1.034 1.285 0.904 1.197
27 1.160 1.194 1.035 1.295
28 1.139 1.167 1.202 1.036 1.306 0.898
29 1.173 1.210 1.037 1.317
30 1.149 1.180 1.219 1.038 1.328 0.892
31 1.187 1.227 1.040 1.339
32 1.159 1.193 1.235 1.041 1.349
33 1.200 1.243 1.042 1.359
34 1.169 1.207 1.252 1.043 1.370
重量百分濃度(%)
比 重 ( )
HCL HNO3 H2SO4 HAc NaOH NH3•H20 NaCL
35 1.214 1.260 1.044 1.380
36 1.179 1.221 1.268 1.045 1.390
37 1.227 1.277 1.046 1.400
38 1.189 1.234 1.286 1.047 1.410
39 1.240 1.294 1.048 1.420
40 1.198 1.246 1.303 1.049 1.430
41 1.253 1.312 1.050 1.440
42 1.259 1.321 1.051 1.449
43 1.266 1.329 1.052 1.459
44 1.272 1.338 1.053 1.469
45 1.278 1.348 1.053 1.478
46 1.285 1.357 1.054 1.487
47 1.291 1.366 1.055 1.497
48 1.298 1.376 1.056 1.057
49 1.304 1.385 1.057 1.516
50 1.310 1.395 1.058 1.525
51 1.316 1.405 1.058
52 1.322 1.415 1.059
53 1.328 1.425 1.060
54 1.334 1.435 1.060
55 1.340 1.445 1.061
56 1.345 1.456 1.062
57 1.351 1.466 1.062
58 1.356 1.477 1.063
59 1.361 1.487 1.064
60 1.367 1.498 1.064
61 1.372 1.509 1.065
62 1.377 1.520 1.065
63 1.382 1.531 1.066
64 1.387 1.543 1.066
65 1.391 1.553 1.066
66 1.396 1.565 1.067
67 1.400 1.576 1.068
68 1.405 1.587 1.068
69 1.409 1.599 1.068
70 1.413 1.611 1.069
71 1.418 1.622 1.069
72 1.422 1.634 1.069
重量百分濃度(%)
比 重 ( )
HCL HNO3 H2SO4 HAc NaOH NH3•H20 NaCL
73 1.426 1.646 1.069
74 1.430 1.657 1.070
75 1.434 1.669 1.070
76 1.438 1.621 1.070
77 1.441 1.693 1.070
78 1.445 1.704 1.070
79 1.449 1.716 1.070
80 1.452 1.727 1.070
81 1.456 1.738 1.070
82 1.159 1.749 1.070
83 1.462 1.759 1.070
84 1.466 1.769 1.069
85 1.469 1.779 1.069
86 1.472 1.787 1.069
87 1.475 1.795 1.068
88 1.477 1.802 1.067
89 1.480 1.809 1.067
90 1.483 1.814 1.066
91 1.485 1.820 1.065
92 1.487 1.824 1.064
93 1.489 1.828 1.063
94 1.490 1.831 1.062
95 1.493 1.834 1.061
96 1.495 1.835 1.059
97 1.497 1.836 1.057
98 1.501 1.836 1.55
99 1.506 1.834 1.052
100 1.513 1.831 1.052
五. 溶液的PH值
1、氫氧化鈉和磷酸三鈉溶液的PH值
濃度
(毫克/升)
NaOH
Na3PO4
Na3PO412H2O
2 9.8 7.9 7.7
3 10.0 7.95 7.75
5 10.3 8.0 7.8
10 10.5 8.25 8.0
20 10.8 8.65 8.2
30 11.0 8.9 8.4
40 11.1 9.1 8.6
50 11.2 9.2 8.8
60 11.3 9.3 8.9
70 11.37 9.35 9.0
80 11.45 9.4 9.1
90 11.48 9.45 9.15
100 11.5 9.5 9.2
150 11.6 9.6 9.3
200 11.8 9.9 9.5
300 12.0 10.15 9.7
400 12.1 10.25 9.9
2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)緩沖溶液在不同溫度下的PH值
溫度(℃) 鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀 中性磷酸鹽 硼 砂
5 4.04 6.95 9.39
10 4.00 6.92 9.33
15 4.00 6.90 9.27
20 4.00 6.88 9.22
25 4.01 6.86 9.18
30 4.01 6.85 9.14
溫度(℃) 鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀 中性磷酸鹽 硼 砂
35 4.02 6.84 9.10
40 4.03 6.84 9.07
45 4.06 6.83 9.04
50 4.07 6.83 9.01
55 4.08 6.84 8.99
60 4.10 6.84 8.96
磷苯二甲酸氫鉀濃度:0.05M
中性磷酸鹽:0.025M
硼砂:0.01M
3、常用酸堿指示劑的變色PH范圍
指示劑 示堿性 主堿性 PH 有效范圍
百里香蘭 紅 黃 1.7 1.2—2.8
(第一解離作用)
溴酚蘭 黃 蘭 4.0 3.0—4.6
甲基橙 紅 黃 3.7 3.0—4.4
溴甲酞綠 黃 蘭 4.7 3.8—5.4
甲基紅 紅 黃 5.1 4.4—6.2
氯苯酚紅 黃 紅 6.0 4.8—6.4
溴甲酚紫 黃 紫 6.3 5.2—6.8
溴百里香酚蘭 黃 蘭 7.0 6.0—7.6
酚紅 黃 紅 7.6 6.8—8.4
甲酚紅 黃 紅 8.3 7.2—8.8
百里香蘭 黃 蘭 9.0 8.0—9.6
(第二介離作用)
酚酞 無(wú)色 紅 9.4 8.2—10.0
茜素黃 黃 棕黃 — 10.0—12.0
三硝基苯 無(wú)色 橙 13.0 12.0—14.0
六. Na/P與PO4 PH對(duì)應(yīng)表
5
4
3
2
5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0
2.80
9.71 9.69 9.66 9.65 9.64 9.62 9.60 9.57 9.55 9.53 9.51 9.48 9.44 9.42 9.39 9.36 9.32 9.27 2.88
9.70 9.68 9.65 9.64 9.63 9.61 9.59 9.56 9.54 9.52 9.50 9.47 9.43 9.41 9.38 9.35 9.31 9.26 2.86
9.69 9.67 9.64 9.63 9.62 9.60 9.58 9.55 9.53 9.51 9.49 9.46 9.42 9.40 9.37 9.34 9.30 9.25 2.84
9.68 9.66 9.63 9.62 9.61 9.59 9.57 9.54 9.52 9.50 9.48 9.45 9.41 9.39 9.36 9.33 9.29 9.24 2.82
9.66 9.64 9.62 9.61 9.59 9.57 9.55 9.53 9.51 9.48 9.45 9.43 9.40 9.37 9.34 9.30 9.27 9.23 2.80
9.65 9.64 9.62 9.60 9.58 9.56 9.54 9.52 9.50 9.47 9.45 9.42 9.39 9.36 9.33 9.29 9.26 9.21 2.78
2.70
9.64 9.63 9.61 9.60 9.58 9.56 9.53 9.51 9.50 9.47 9.44 9.42 9.38 9.35 9.32 9.28 9.25 9.20 2.76
9.63 9.62 9.60 9.59 9.57 9.55 9.52 9.49 9.49 9.46 9.43 9.41 9.37 9.34 9.31 9.27 9.23 9.19 2.74
9.62 9.61 9.59 9.58 9.56 9.54 9.51 9.48 9.47 9.45 9.42 9.39 9.36 9.33 9.30 9.26 9.21 9.18 2.72
9.61 9.59 9.57 9.56 9.55 9.53 9.46 9.45 9.44 9.43 9.40 9.37 9.34 9.31 9.28 9.24 9.20 9.17 2.70
9.60 9.58 9.56 9.55 9.54 9.52 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.42 9.40 9.36 9.33 9.30 9.27 9.23 9.20 9.16 2.68
2.60
9.59 9.57 9.55 9.54 9.53 9.51 9.47 9.43 9.42 9.41 9.39 9.35 9.32 9.29 9.26 9.22 9.20 9.15 2.66
9.58 9.56 9.54 9.53 9.51 9.49 9.46 9.42 9.41 9.40 9.38 9.34 9.31 9.28 9.25 9.21 9.18 9.14 2.64
9.57 9.54 9.53 9.52 9.50 9.47 9.45 9.41 9.40 9.38 9.37 9.33 9.30 9.27 9.23 9.20 9.16 9.12 2.62
9.54 9.52 9.50 9.49 9.48 9.46 9.43 9.40 9.38 9.36 9.34 9.31 9.28 9.25 9.21 9.18 9.14 9.10 2.60
9.53 9.51 9.49 9.48 9.47 9.45 9.42 9.39 9.37 9.35 9.33 9.30 9.27 9.24 9.20 9.17 9.13 9.09 2.58
2.50
9.52 9.50 9.49 9.47 9.46 9.44 9.41 9.38 9.36 9.34 9.32 9.29 9.26 9.23 9.19 9.15 9.11 9.07 2.56
9.51 9.49 9.48 9.46 9.44 9.40 9.36 9.36 9.34 9.32 9.30 9.27 9.24 9.21 9.17 9.13 9.09 9.06 2.54
9.49 9.47 9.46 9.44 9.42 9.39 9.37 9.34 9.32 9.30 9.28 9.25 9.23 9.19 9.15 9.11 9.07 9.04 2.52
9.46 9.44 9.42 9.40 9.38 9.36 9.34 9.32 9.29 9.27 9.25 9.23 9.20 9.17 9.13 9.09 9.05 9.02 2.50
9.45 9.43 9.41 9.39 9.37 9.35 9.33 9.31 9.28 9.26 9.24 9.22 9.18 9.16 9.12 9.08 9.04 8.99 2.48
2.40
9.43 9.41 9.39 9.37 9.35 9.34 9.31 9.29 9.27 9.25 9.22 9.20 9.17 9.15 9.11 9.07 9.03 8.98 2.46
9.41 9.39 9.37 9.35 9.33 9.32 9.30 9.27 9.25 9.24 9.20 9.18 9.15 9.14 9.10 9.05 9.01 8.96 2.44
9.39 9.37 9.35 9.33 9.31 9.30 9.28 9.25 9.23 9.21 9.18 9.16 9.13 9.11 9.08 9.03 8.99 8.94 2.42
9.35 9.34 9.32 9.30 9.29 9.27 9.25 9.23 9.21 9.18 9.15 9.13 9.10 9.08 9.05 9.01 8.97 8.93 2.40
9.33 9.33 9.31 9.28 9.27 9.25 9.23 9.21 9.19 9.16 9.13 9.11 9.08 9.06 9.03 9.00 8.96 8.92 2.38
2.30
9.32 9.31 9.29 9.26 9.25 9.23 9.21 9.19 9.17 9.13 9.11 9.09 9.06 9.03 9.01 8.98 8.94 8.92 2.36
9.31 9.29 9.27 9.24 9.20 9.20 9.18 9.16 9.14 9.10 9.09 9.06 9.03 9.01 8.99 8.96 8.93 8.91 2.34
9.28 9.26 9.24 9.21 9.19 9.17 9.15 9.13 9.11 9.08 9.05 9.03 9.01 8.98 8.97 8.94 8.92 8.90 2.32
9.24 9.22 9.20 9.18 9.16 9.14 9.12 9.10 9.07 9.05 9.01 8.99 8.98 8.95 8.94 8.92 8.90 8.80 2.30
Section three . Operation and Control of System
I. Operation of System
1. Checking before startup of the system:
Check if each solution tank and level gauge is ready for use, if the blowdown valve is closed and if the inlet pipe and outlet pipe are well connected.
Check if the inlet/outlet of the pump is intact, if the connection of pipeline and valve is good, and if the joint of flanges is good.
Implement electric power transmission and ensure the motor is well insulated.
Check if the primary valve of each pressure gauge and instrument is in good conditions, and the gauge and instrument shall be intact.
2. Startup of the cooling water system:
Ensure that each part of the system is in good conditions and the cooling water pump operates well.
3.The startup of system for making sodium hypochlorite:
Start up the seawater booster pump;
Make the automatic backwashing filter operate;
Open water inlet/outlet of the heat exchanger;
Make the generator operate and adjust the flow rate;
When water flows out from sampling tube of the generator, start up the rectifier and regulate the current.
Since the system parameters become stable, the system is in a normal state, then feed liquid to the sodium hypochlorite storage tank;
4. The shutdown of system for making sodium hypochlorite
After adjusting the rectifier to the minimum value, shut down the rectifier;
Shut down the chemical adding system;
Shut down the seawater booster pump;
Close relevant valve and discharge electrolyte in the electrolytic cell;
Shut down cooling water system;
Notes: the operation steps mentioned above can not be reversed;
5. Operation of chemical adding system:
When liquid in the sodium hypochlorite storage tank achieves a proper level, start up the continuous adding Pump; when liquid in the sodium hypochlorite storage tank achieves another proper level, start up the impact chemical adding pump, seawater pretreatment chemical adding pump and anti-penetrating chemical adding pump;
When liquid in the sodium hypochlorite storage tank achieves a proper level at the low position and the rectifier shuts down, it is compulsory to shut down the chemical adding system or stop it artificially according to particular situations;
6. Operation of acid rinsing system:
Prepare dilute acid solution with a proper concentration in the dilute acid tank;
Start up the acid pump, a closed-loop system has been formed between the acid system and the generator where acid rinsing carries out on electrodes of the generator at the same time;
Discharge waste acid solution and rinse in the dilute acid tank with water timely;
After the rinsing water is qualified, shut down the acid pump and close the relevant valve, the acid rinsing for the generator is completed
武漢翻譯公司
2013.7.8