正臺階法等暗挖工法翻譯-中英對照
Previous Contracts①
a) Name and location of the Contract 北京市地鐵王（府井）-東（單）區(qū)間，北京市
b) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地鐵建設(shè)公司
c) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 區(qū)間長518.4m，包括13種斷面形式，31個變化點(diǎn)，其中最大的斷面寬14.2m，高10.678m。施工中綜合采用了雙眼鏡法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正臺階法等國內(nèi)隧道暗挖施工的所有工法，施工難度大，技術(shù)含量高，有“工法博物館”之稱。
d) Contract value (HK$) HK$12869萬元
e) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:07/1994
Contract completion date:09/1999
Previous Contracts②
f) Name and location of the Contract 北京地鐵復(fù)八線王建段，北京市
g) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地下鐵道建設(shè)公司
h) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 天安門～王府井區(qū)間長112雙延米，王府井～東單區(qū)間長518.395雙延米, 東單～建國門區(qū)間長518.395雙延米,其斷面形式多。區(qū)間隧道采用雙眼鏡法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正臺階法等國內(nèi)隧道暗挖所有工法。
i) Contract value (HK$) HK$68098萬元
j) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/1992
Contract completion date:07/1999
Previous Contracts③
k) Name and location of the Contract 廣州地鐵曉江區(qū)間，廣州市
l) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 廣州市地下鐵道總公司
m) Brief description of the work performed. (Note:equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 區(qū)間隧道左線全長991.055m，施工中采用了雙眼鏡法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正臺階法等暗挖工法
n) Contract value (HK$) HK$16485萬元
o) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:05/2000
Contract completion date:03/2002
Previous Contracts④ 已完成合同
p) Name and location of the Contract 廣州地鐵三號線客新區(qū)間，廣州市
q) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 廣州市地下鐵道總公司
r) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 本標(biāo)段區(qū)間隧道左、右線長391.9M，二、三號聯(lián)絡(luò)線長479.4M。共有10種斷面，斷面最大開挖寬度達(dá)23M。本工程采用淺埋暗挖法施工
s) Contract value (HK$) HK$7023萬元
t) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/2001
Contract completion date:11/2003
Previous Contracts⑤
u) Name and location of the Contract 廣州地鐵三號線石-體區(qū)間，廣州市
v) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 廣州市地下鐵道總公司
w) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 本區(qū)間右線隧道設(shè)計長度為1265.324m，左線隧道全長1181.206m，本工程采用淺埋暗挖法施工
x) Contract value (HK$) HK$5594萬元
y) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:10/2002
Contract completion date:05/2004
Previous Contracts⑥
z) Name and location of the Contract 廣州地鐵東（山口）—楊（箕）區(qū)間，廣州市
aa) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 廣州市地下鐵道總公司
bb) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 廣州地鐵東~楊區(qū)間全長1002為雙線隧道，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)斷面開挖尺寸6.5×6.5m，采用正臺階法施工；其中左線有207米雙線斷面，開挖尺寸11.55×8.75m，采用中隔壁法施工。
cc) Contract value (HK$) HK$9541萬元
dd) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:10/1994
Contract completion date:10/1997
Previous Contracts⑦
ee) Name and location of the Contract 北京市地鐵東（單）—建（國門）區(qū)間，北京市
ff) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地鐵建設(shè)公司
gg) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 全長918.8m，單洞跨度7.6m—13.6m。采用淺埋暗挖法施工
hh) Contract value (HK$) HK$7108萬元
ii) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:07/1994
Contract completion date:09/1999
Previous Contracts⑧
jj) Name and location of the Contract 廣州市軌道交通四號線七號線暗挖區(qū)間，廣州市
kk) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 廣州市地下鐵道總公司
ll) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 隧道全長860米，13種斷面，最大跨度斷面13.78米。開挖工法有臺階法、CD法、CRD法、雙側(cè)導(dǎo)坑法。
mm) Contract value (HK$) HK$5136萬元
nn) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/2003
Contract completion date:11/2004
旋噴樁施工工藝：
在聯(lián)通道的施工過程中，為保證盾構(gòu)管片拆除開洞及通道施工的安全，聯(lián)絡(luò)通道施工前，應(yīng)首先將地層進(jìn)行加固，一般采用旋噴樁施工工藝。
旋噴樁加固技術(shù)是指使用旋噴鉆機(jī)將帶有特殊噴嘴的注漿管送到預(yù)定的深度，然后慢慢地提升鉆桿，邊提升邊旋轉(zhuǎn)，邊由噴嘴噴出具有一定壓力的液體和氣體的射流，使?jié){液流和土層混合，凝固成一體，形成具有一定強(qiáng)度的固結(jié)樁體加固地層的方法。
此技術(shù)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、應(yīng)用范圍廣；2、施工簡便；3、固結(jié)樁體強(qiáng)度高；
一般聯(lián)通道的頂部、底部、兩側(cè)均需要加固（因地層各異，具體加固范圍各不相同）。加固后的土體應(yīng)有一定的均質(zhì)性、自立性，無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度和滲透系數(shù)均需達(dá)到一定要求。
冷凍法施工工藝：
是采用人工凍結(jié)的方法將土體溫度降到零度以下，使土體固結(jié)形成較好的穩(wěn)定土體，同時起到隔水作用，在凍土范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行構(gòu)筑物的施工，施工完結(jié)后結(jié)束冷凍并進(jìn)行融沉注漿的方法。常用于地質(zhì)條件較差，地處砂層、富含地下水等不良地質(zhì)情況下。因此法施工成本較高，我公司只在南水北調(diào)中線一期穿黃工程Ⅱ-B標(biāo)（下游線）隧洞工程土建及設(shè)備安裝施工工程中使用過。
冷凍法施工優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、利用了熱傳導(dǎo)原理，適用于從黏性土層到砂礫層地基。2、被凍結(jié)的土砂相當(dāng)堅固，而且有較高的止水性能。3、對地基和地下水沒有污染。4、易于凍結(jié)管理及預(yù)測凍結(jié)范圍。
冷凍法缺點(diǎn)：施工時如遇機(jī)械故障或者長時間停電，危害極大。故施工前應(yīng)編制應(yīng)急預(yù)案。
2013.8.23