焊接通用技術(shù)要求-中英版
修訂B
JHPAPER/CNEEC/POWER/7/2/01-36/C& I
 V-3 GSFW, CNEEC

目錄：

 1.目的
 2.總則
3.焊接車間及設備
 4.焊接程序
 5. 焊接人員
 6. 效果認證
 7.焊接方法
 8.焊接材料
 9.保護焊接氣體
10.接頭準備
11.奧氏體不銹鋼焊接
12.射線照相檢查
13.管制當局
14.測試與抽樣
15.焊接修補
16.防腐蝕處理，涂裝修補
 
1 目的

本節(jié)技術(shù)規(guī)范旨在描述必要的一般性焊接約定。除此之外，買方另行規(guī)定的進一步要求也必須遵守。

2 總則

全部焊接工作必須讓買方滿意，并遵守相關(guān)標準。焊接的生產(chǎn)程序應符合規(guī)定的質(zhì)量要求。特別注意材料的產(chǎn)品分析結(jié)果及與焊接接觸表面的光滑程度。

3 焊接車間及設備
 
焊接應在適合其焊接方法的條件下進行。焊接設備應能生產(chǎn)出符合質(zhì)量要求的焊接產(chǎn)品。

4 焊接程序

承包商應設計出主要焊接操作程序。焊接程序須詳細記錄，且提前交給買方審批。

被提議的焊接程序應包括焊接技術(shù)、焊接位置、基材與尺寸、填充材料及大小、焊接參數(shù)、接點準備、堆焊、熱處理，分類，編碼（標準中有規(guī)定）及防護等信息。

5 焊接人員
 
參加焊接的全部工作人員必須受到良好的訓練，并擁有必備的焊接能力。焊接監(jiān)督人員應對焊接有一個全面的了解，熟悉焊接程序的要求。他們必須能確保所執(zhí)行的焊接工作符合規(guī)定程序。

承包商應向買方提供獲準焊接人員的當前記錄，記錄應包括以下信息：

- 焊接工的姓名與標記
- 焊接方法
- 焊接定位
- 基材及尺寸
- 填充金屬
- 測試結(jié)果
- 資格鑒定試驗日期
- 授權(quán)檢驗員的簽名

在開始實質(zhì)性焊接工作前，焊接執(zhí)照與焊接人員的資格認證證書應交給現(xiàn)場組織機構(gòu)。

在焊機工作開始之前，焊接人員必須獲得買方批準。無論何時買方發(fā)現(xiàn)焊接工不具備完成要求焊接工作的技能時，該焊接人員的工作必須停止。 如發(fā)生此種情況，焊接工必須重新接受效果資格測試。

6 效果認證

承包商與買方必須就測試類型與證書類型達成協(xié)議。

效果認證測試是為了確保焊接工及焊接工作者在相同條件下具備正確執(zhí)行的能力，并在實際焊接工作中使用相同的焊接程序。

承包商與工程師必須就測試與證書類型達成協(xié)議。

7 焊接方法

焊接方法應適于所使用的基材，需注意現(xiàn)場出現(xiàn)的問題。特別是位于不銹鋼上的焊接根部應具備良好的外觀質(zhì)量，并于基材對接良好。

對于焊接薄型的不銹鋼材料；壁厚達到3mm的材料根部焊接最好使用惰性氣體鎢作為保護焊接氣體，買方也可要求僅用該氣體焊接特定線路。

在現(xiàn)場條件下使用金屬活動氣焊接法是被禁止的。

8 焊接方法

            填充材料必須清楚的標記便于鑒別。所有無法清楚辨認的填充材料必須棄用。

焊接材料采取適當?shù)姆绞絻Υ�。須特別注意將制造和涂裝后的電極吸潮降到最低。這些電極應存放于干燥的櫥子內(nèi)，請供應商的焊接人員應提供每日所需的干燥劑。

填充材料必須與基材相匹配。在將不銹鋼焊接至碳鋼上時，應使用特殊的合金填充材料。

9 保護焊接氣體

管材開始的3mm應使用保護焊接氣焊接到表面內(nèi)部。外面附加裝置和表面修補保護焊接氣必須用于壁厚小于3mm的焊接。

10 接點準備

接頭準備必須符合焊接程序中規(guī)定的焊接方法。

所有臨時附加裝置必須由與基材相兼容的材料制成。必須平穩(wěn)的移動臨時附加裝置與基材齊平。

11 奧氏體不銹鋼焊接

奧氏體不銹鋼的一般性焊接規(guī)則是盡可能使用低熱量放入焊接，以避免基材中熱影響區(qū)(HAZ)的敏化。因此要遵守以下規(guī)則：

a. 出于敏化風險的考慮，對承包商在焊接規(guī)范中列出的焊接參數(shù)進行篩選。

b. 層間溫度不得超過120攝氏度。

c. 不同材料的焊接，例如：碳鋼焊接至奧氏體不銹鋼時，焊接終端與合金填充材料之間最小焊縫距離為1.5mm。不允許無填充材料的焊接。

d. 焊接修補的總量應該受限制。不銹鋼304和306基材的焊接不能用于超過兩處局部修補。如需更多修補，準備新的接頭同時移開至距熱影響區(qū)5mm處。

e. 無需預熱

f. 不允許特有大型號的電極。

特別注意接頭準備和不銹鋼處理的工作。不銹鋼表面必須無低碳鋼或其他有害材料的污染。所有的卡扣、臨時附加裝置、墊板、插腳，隔斷及吊環(huán)等都必須采用不銹鋼制作或鍍不銹鋼。工具和研磨盤必須適用于不銹鋼材料。不銹鋼不得直接接觸低碳鋼。

使用不銹鋼刷及時處理或清潔不銹鋼焊接處并鈍化。

12 射線照相檢查

承包商采取射線照相檢查焊接接頭。

在必要的熱處理之后進行檢查。

根據(jù)國際焊接人員培訓與資格認證體系IIW中“焊接參考射線照片的收集”來評估薄膜情況。綠色度應達到國際焊接人員培訓與資格認證體系3 的要求且無根部無缺陷。

如果檢查因承包商的緣故須重復第二次，承包商應支付重復檢查的費用。

13 管制當局

除非經(jīng)買方批準，否則在任何經(jīng)測試與驗證合格的容器或管路系統(tǒng)上焊接將是不被允許的。

承包商在任何經(jīng)測試與驗證合格的壓力容器或管路系統(tǒng)上進行焊接，必須使用合格的焊接工，并對全部檢驗，測試與重新驗證以及管制當局和/買方要求的費用負責。

14 測試與抽樣

無論何種情況下，管制當局和/或買方一旦提出要求，承包商都應按買方和/或管制當局提出針對不同材料和工藝樣品，以及工程中指定使用或即將使用的制成品的要求交樣件給他們審批。

15 焊接修補

焊接錯誤的更正應完全讓買方滿意。所有的修補和額外檢驗的費用都應由承包商承擔。

16 防腐蝕處理，修補涂裝

在完成焊接工作并通過買方批準后，承包商應履行或補充表面處理。

General Technical Requirements for Welding

Revision B

JHPAPER/CNEEC/POWER / 7/2/01-36 & I/C

V - 3 GSFW, CNEEC

Category:

1. Purpose

2. General

3. Welding workshop and equipment

4. Welding procedure

5. Welding personnel

6. Effect of certification

7. Welding method

8. Welding materials

9. Gas protection welding

10. Joint preparation

11. Austenitic stainless steel welding

12. Radiographic inspection

13. Regulatory authorities

14. Testing and sampling

15. Welding repair

16. Anti-corrosion treatment, coating repair

1. Purpose

In this section, we illustrate the necessary conventions for general welding specification. In addition, further requirements shall be separately prescribed by the buyer as well.

2 General

All welding work shall let the buyer satisfaction, and comply with relevant standards. In the production process of the welding shall meet the prescribed quality requirements. It is required to pay special attention to the material of product analysis results and the smooth degree of welding contact surface.

3 Welding workshop and equipment

It shall be suitable to apply the welding method under welding conditions. Welding equipment shall be able to produce to meet the requirements of the quality of welding products.

4 Welding procedure

Contractor shall design the main welding procedures. Welding procedure shall be detailed records, and advance to the buyer for approval.

The propose of this document for welding procedure shall include the welding technology, welding position, base material and size, the filling material and size, welding parameters, contact preparation, welding, heat treatment, classification and coding (there are provisions in the standard) and information protection, etc.

5 Welding personnel

The entire staff member for welding shall be with a good training, and have the necessary welding ability. Welding supervisor shall have a comprehensive understanding, familiar with the requirements of welding procedure. They shall be able to ensure that comply with the prescribed procedures performed by the welding work.

Contractor shall provide to the buyer was allowed to current welding personnel records, records shall include the following information:

- Name of the welder and the tag

- Welding method

Welding positioning

- Base material and size

- Filler metal

- Test result

- Qualification test date

- Signature of the authorized inspector

Before starting material welding work, welding license and welding personnel qualification certificate shall be to the organization.

Before work starts on the welder, welding personnel shall be approved by the buyer. Whenever the buyer find welders do not have complete the required welding work skills, the welding workers shall stop. If this occurs, welder shall accept qualification testing effect again.

6. Effect of certification

The contractor and buyer shall agree test type and certificate type.

Effect of certification test is to ensure the welding and welding workers in the same conditions have the ability to correct execution, and use the same welding procedure in the actual welding work.

Contractors and engineers shall be on the test and certificate type to reach an agreement.

7 Welding method

The base material and welding method shall be suitable for use issues need to pay attention to the scene. Especially on the stainless steel welding roots shall have good appearance quality, docking and base material is good.

For welding of thin stainless steel material; Wall thickness to 3 mm material root welding it is best to use tungsten inert gas as gas protection welding, the buyer can also be asked to only by the gas welding specific lines.

In the field under the condition of using metal active gas welding is forbidden.

8 Welding method

Filler material shall be clearly marked for easy identification. All unable to clearly identify the filling material shall be abandoned.

Welding materials stored in a proper way. It is required to pay special attention to the manufacture and coating electrode after absorbing moisture to a minimum. The electrode shall be stored in dry inside the cabinet; please suppliers of welding personnel shall be daily of the desiccant.

Filler material shall match the base material. In the welding of stainless steel to carbon steel, special alloy filling material shall be used.

9 Gas protections welding

Pipe to 3 mm shall be used to protect welding surface inside. The add-ons and outside surface repair protect welding gas welding shall be used for wall thickness less than 3 mm.

10 Contact joint preparations

Joint preparation shall conform to the specified in the welding procedure of welding method.

All temporary attachment shall be compatible with substrate materials, which shall be a smooth move temporary attachment and base material.

11. Austenitic stainless steel welding

General welding of austenitic stainless steel rule is as far as possible the use of low quantity of heat in the welding, to avoid the base material of the heat affected zone (HAZ) of sensitization. So to obey the following rules:

A. Yu Minhua risk considerations, to the contractor in the welding specifications listed in the welding parameters.

B. interpass temperature shall not exceed 120 degrees Celsius.

C. The welding of different materials, such as: to austenitic stainless steel, carbon steel welding welding weld smallest distance between terminals and alloy filling material is 1.5 mm. Don't allow welding without filler material.

D. The amount of weld repair shall be restricted. Stainless steel base material of 304 and 306 local repair welding cannot be used for more than two. If you need more repair, prepare and move to a new joint spacing heat affected zone of 5 mm.

E. Without preheating

F. Does not allow a large number of unique electrode.

Pay special attention to joint preparation and processing of stainless steel work. Stainless steel surfaces shall be free of low carbon steel or other harmful pollution of material. All CARDS, temporary additional equipment, plate, pins, partition and rings shall use stainless steel or stainless steel plating. Tools and abrasive disk shall be suitable for stainless steel materials. Stainless steel shall not directly contact with low carbon steel.

Using the timely processing of stainless steel brush or clean stainless steel welds and perspiration;

12 Radiographic inspections

Contractor to radiographic inspection of welded joint;

Check after the necessary heat treatment.

According to the international welding training and qualification certification system in the IIW reference X-ray collection of welding to evaluate thin film. Green degree shall reach the international welding training and qualification certification system 3 requirements and no root, no defects.

If you check on account of the contractor shall repeat the second time, the contractor shall pay for double check.

13 Regulatory authorities

Unless approved by the buyer, on any vessel or piping system through test and verification on the welding is not allowed.

The contractor in any qualified through test and verify the pressure vessel or piping system on welding, shall use the qualified welders, and of all inspection, testing and revalidate and regulatory authorities and/is responsible for the cost of the buyer's request.

14 Testing and sampling

Whatever the case, once the regulatory authorities and/or the buyer's request, the contractor shall be proposed by the buyer and/or regulatory authorities for different materials and process samples, as well as engineering specified in the use or the requirements of the finished products to be used/sample approval for them.

15 Weld repair

Welding error correction shall be entirely to buyer's satisfaction. All repair and additional inspection fees shall be borne by the contractor.

16 Anti-corrosion treatment, repair coating

Upon completion of welding work and by the buyer after approval, the contractor shall perform or added surface treatment.

 

2014.6.8