表示特點(diǎn)的分詞：
它也可以表示比較長久或永久性的特點(diǎn)。這時它的形容詞特點(diǎn)勝過它的動詞特點(diǎn)：

Germs are living creatures (=not inanimate things, creatures that can live).

She is a charming lady (attractive lady, lady who charms others)

The working classes are usually poor.

There were many flying fish.

We watched the moving pictures (=motion pictures)

Used cars (=old cars,cars which have been used) are cheaper than new ones/

Stolen love (=Secret love, love which is stolen), though dangerous, tastes exceptionally sweet.

This printed matter may be sent by mail.

3/和用作形容詞的動名詞的差別：
用在名詞前的現(xiàn)在分詞和用在名詞前起形容詞作用的動名詞是有區(qū)別的，從意思上、重音上及是否加連字號，都有區(qū)別。下面各對句子中，第一句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為分詞，第二句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為動名詞：

Boiling water(=Water that is boiling) can produce enormous power.
Water begins to boil at the boiling-point(=point at which liquid boils;而不是point which boils).

He is a walking dictionary (=dictionary that canwalk, learned man).
He came with a walking-stick (=stick for walking;非stick that os walking)

How clever that dancing bear (=bear that is dancing) is!
He is a dancing-master (=master who teaches dancing).

Someone said many years ago that China was a sleeping lion (=lion that was sleeping).
He is in the sleeping-car (=car for sleeping,而不是 car that is sleeping).

Running water is cleaner than stagnant water.
It is a running-track for sportsmen.

4/用作名詞的情況
和形容詞一樣，某些分詞在加the時（后面不跟名詞），可以代表一類人或一種抽象東西：
Which are more numerous, the dead or the living (=the living people)

Something must be done immediately with the wounded and the dying.

What should we do with the oppressed, the defeated the insulted and the injured?

Can we say anything about the unseen (=the thing unseen) and the unknown (=the thing unknown)?

譯路通武漢漢口翻譯公司

2012.8.5