測(cè)試件測(cè)試方法及步驟-中英對(duì)照
底部—一個(gè)平的環(huán)形底部牢牢固定在滲透測(cè)量裝置上，且在測(cè)試中對(duì)樣品施加力以測(cè)定出上表面的準(zhǔn)確位置。
5.1.5 振動(dòng)裝置—舉例,一個(gè)用電操作的蜂鳴器，輕微振動(dòng)儀器以克服輕微摩擦力；不應(yīng)超過(guò)次要負(fù)荷的5%。
本裝置在沒(méi)有摩擦力時(shí)可以略去。
6. 測(cè)試樣件
6.1 測(cè)試是用于比較同樣厚度的樣品，且樣品要求表面平滑，上下表面是平行的。當(dāng)數(shù)量到達(dá)3個(gè)測(cè)試件時(shí)可以堆放以達(dá)到要求的厚度，樣品的尺寸取決于測(cè)試硬度所要求的測(cè)試類(lèi)型。
6.2 類(lèi)型 S1和S2—類(lèi)型S1和S2的樣品厚度不惜在8-10
毫米之間。非標(biāo)測(cè)試件可能稍厚或稍薄，但是厚度差不得大于2毫米。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和非標(biāo)樣品的側(cè)向尺寸不得根據(jù)小于表2給出的與測(cè)試件邊沿合適的距離而測(cè)得。
6.3 類(lèi)型M—類(lèi)型M 樣品顯微硬度測(cè)試的厚度應(yīng)為2+0.5毫米。非標(biāo)樣品可能會(huì)稍厚或稍薄，但是差異不得大于1毫米，
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和非標(biāo)的側(cè)向尺寸不能根據(jù)離邊沿少于2毫米的距離測(cè)得。當(dāng)樣品的厚度大于宏觀測(cè)試計(jì)厚度4毫米時(shí)，由于側(cè)向滲透測(cè)量裝置上， 尺寸或平面面積不允許在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試計(jì)上進(jìn)行測(cè)試，測(cè)試應(yīng)該在盡可能離邊沿遠(yuǎn)的地方進(jìn)行。曲面測(cè)試件，例如：O型環(huán)，
表2 在距離測(cè)試件邊沿最小的距離進(jìn)行測(cè)試（適合于所有類(lèi)型，除了類(lèi)型M以外）
如果樣品安裝的方式不變測(cè)試中運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況下，可使用顯微硬度測(cè)試計(jì)測(cè)試，但是所得的數(shù)值與平坦的樣品測(cè)試結(jié)果沒(méi)有可比性。
6.4 類(lèi)型 L—類(lèi)型 L樣品的厚度應(yīng)為10 至15 毫米。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品可能稍厚或稍薄，但是差異不得超過(guò)2毫米。非標(biāo)樣品也可能稍厚或稍薄，但差異不得超過(guò)6毫米。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和非標(biāo)樣品的側(cè)向尺寸不得根據(jù)小于表2給出的與測(cè)試件邊沿合適的距離而測(cè)得。
6.5 類(lèi)型H—參考 6.2 (類(lèi)型S1和S2).
7. 測(cè)試溫度
7.1 正常的測(cè)試溫度應(yīng)為23+ 2°C（73.4+3.6°F）。在進(jìn)行測(cè)試前，測(cè)試件應(yīng)在此溫度下保持至少3小時(shí)。對(duì)大氣濕度敏感的樣品應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)大氣壓，并控制在50+5 %的相對(duì)濕度（RH%）下長(zhǎng)達(dá)24小時(shí)。
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當(dāng)試驗(yàn)在更高或者更低的溫度條件下進(jìn)行時(shí)， 樣品在試驗(yàn)的條件保持一段時(shí)期，直到與測(cè)試室里溫度一致。溫度符合D 1349指定的要求，或通過(guò)用戶和供應(yīng)者雙方協(xié)商并一致同意。
8.程序
8.1.根據(jù)7.1樣品條件的要求。稍微用滑石粉擦抹試驗(yàn)樣品的上表面和下表面。在水平的硬質(zhì)表面上放置樣品，并且降低放置樣品的表面裝置的底座。對(duì)柱塞施加壓力，同時(shí)用較小力量施加在鋸齒形的球體上，方向與樣品垂直，保持5 秒鐘。
8.2.如果量規(guī)符合IRHD要求，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)量規(guī)的玻璃框，將指針指向100(練習(xí)避免施加任何垂直方向的壓力給量規(guī))。將主要力量施加給柱塞并對(duì)球體保持壓力30 秒鐘 (注意事項(xiàng)3)。記錄量規(guī)上顯示的IRHD的硬度讀數(shù)。
注意事項(xiàng)3--在負(fù)荷的過(guò)程中，輕微的振動(dòng)儀器，克服任何形式的磨擦。.
8.3.如果測(cè)量裝置采用英寸單位，記錄30 秒鐘范圍內(nèi)，由主要負(fù)荷應(yīng)用引起的柱塞運(yùn)動(dòng)，如果使用型號(hào)為M的顯微硬度檢測(cè)器，將運(yùn)動(dòng)的標(biāo)度因數(shù)增加為6。對(duì)照表格3把測(cè)得的數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)成IRHD，或在圖表中標(biāo)明。
8.4.如果測(cè)量裝置采用公制單位，注意柱塞由另外鋸齒形受力(主要負(fù)荷)引起不同凹口，尺寸 (精確到毫米百分位)變化。如果使用的顯微硬度的檢測(cè)器的型號(hào)為M, 按照表格3的要求, 將運(yùn)動(dòng)的標(biāo)度因數(shù)增加為6。型號(hào)為S1 和S2，表格3( b )型號(hào)為H, 表格3(c)型號(hào)為L(zhǎng) . 對(duì)照表格3（a-c）把測(cè)得的數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)成IRHD或在圖表中標(biāo)明。
8.5.在樣品平均分配的3 或者5 個(gè)不同點(diǎn)中測(cè)量尺寸。取顯示裝置測(cè)量的最接近IRHD的中間值，(模擬儀器的全部數(shù)值和電子儀表數(shù)值為0.1，如果采用該裝備)，記錄為硬度值結(jié)果。
5.1.4 Foot—A flat annular-shaped foot that is rigidly fas
tened to the penetration-measuring device and normal to the
axis of the plunger, and which during the test is forced against the specimen in order to determine accurately the position of the upper surface.
5.1.5 Vibrating Device—For example, an electrically oper¬ated buzzer, for gently vibrating the apparatus to overcome any slight friction; this should not
exceed 5 % of the minor load. This device may be omitted on apparatus without any friction.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 Tests intended to be comparable must be made on
specimens of the same thickness that have smooth, flat, and
parallel upper and lower surfaces. Up to three specimens may
be plied to obtain the required thickness. The dimensions of the
specimen depend on the test type being used to measure the
hardness.
6.2 Types S1 andS2—The Types S1 and S2 specimens shall
be between 8 and 10 mm in thickness. Nonstandard specimens
may be either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 2 mm
thick. The lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard
specimens shall be such that no test is made at a distance from
the edge of the specimen less than the appropriate distance
shown in Table 2.
6.3 Type M—The Type M specimen micro-hardness tests
shall be 2 6 0.5 mm in thickness. Nonstandard specimens may
be either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 1 mm thick.
The lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard
specimens shall be such that no test is made at a distance from
the edge of less than 2 mm. When specimens thicker than 4 mm
are tested on the micro tester because lateral dimensions or area
of flatness do not permit testing on a standard tester, the test
shall be made at a distance from the edge as great as possible.
Curved specimens, for example, O-rings, may be tested with
TABLE 2 Minimum Distance from Edge of Specimen at Which Test is Made (All types except M)
Total Thickness of Specimen Minimum Distance from Edge
mm in. mm in.
4 0.16 7.0 0.28
6 0.25 8.0 0.31
8 0.3 9.0 0.35
10 0.4 10.0 0.40
15 0.6 11.5 0.45
25 1.0 13.0 0.50
the micro-hardness tester if the specimens are mounted in such a manner as to prevent movement during the test, but the values obtained may not be comparable to those obtained with flat specimens.
6.4 Type L—The Type L specimens shall be 10 to 15 mm in
thickness. Standard specimens may be either thicker or thinner
but in no case less than 2 mm. Nonstandard specimens may be
either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 6 mm. The
lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard specimens
shall be such that no test is made at a distance from the edge
of the specimen less than the appropriate distance shown in
Table 2.
6.5 Type H—Refer to 6.2 (Types S1 and S2).
7. Test Temperature
7.1 The test shall be normally carried out at 23 6 2°C (73.4 ± 3.6°F). The specimens shall be maintained at the test temperature for at least 3 h
immediately prior to testing. Specimens that are sensitive to atmospheric moisture shall be conditioned in an atmosphere controlled to 50 6 5 % relative
humidity (RH%) for at least 24 h. When tests are made at
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higher or lower temperatures, the specimens shall be main¬tained at the conditions of test for a period of time sufficient to reach temperature equilibrium with the testing chamber, and the temperatures shall be chosen from those specified in Practice D 1349, or as otherwise agreed upon between cus¬tomer and supplier.
8. Procedure
8.1 Condition the specimen in accordance with 7.1. Slightly
dust the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen with
talc. Support the specimen on a horizontal rigid surface, and
lower the foot to rest on the surface of the specimen. Press the
plunger, with the minor force on the indenting ball, vertically
onto the specimen for 5 s.
8.2 If the gage is graduated directly in IRHD, turn the bezel
of the gage so that the pointer indicates 100 (exercise care to
avoid exerting any vertical pressure on the gage). Add the
major force to the plunger and maintain the total force on the
ball for 30 s (Note 3). Record the reading on the gage as the
hardness in IRHD.
NOTE 3—During the loading periods, the apparatus shall be gently vibrated to overcome any friction.
8.3 If the measuring device is graduated in inch units, record
the movement of the plunger caused by application of the
major load for 30 s. If the Type M micro-hardness tester is
used, multiply this movement by the scale factor of 6. Convert
the value obtained into IRHD by using Table 3 or a graph
constructed therefrom.
8.4 If the measuring device is graduated in metric units, the
differential indentation, D, (in hundredths of a millimetre) of
the plunger caused by the additional indenting force (the major
load) for 30 s, shall be noted. If the Type M micro-hardness
tester is used, multiply this movement by the scale factor of 6,
as given in Table 3 (a) for Types S1 and S2, Table 3 (b) for
Type H, and Table 3 (c) for Type L. Convert the value obtained
into IRHD by using Table 3 (a-c) or a graph constructed
therefrom.
8.5 Make one measurement at each of three or five different
points distributed evenly over the specimen. Take the median
of these measurements rounded to the nearest displayed unit of
IRHD (whole numbers for analog instruments and 0.1 units for
digital instruments, if so equipped), and record the result as the
hardness value.
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