籌建中國生態(tài)建設翻譯-中英對照
Prepare to establish “Ecological Construction Bureau of China”
優(yōu)化管理模式，創(chuàng)新生態(tài)工程整合機制。加強縱向整合，構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導與分部門協(xié)作的管理體制。實施跨行政區(qū)垂直管理機制。建立由各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理相關(guān)部門首長組成的統(tǒng)一調(diào)度機構(gòu)，結(jié)合部門間的職能整合、功能區(qū)內(nèi)部的問題整合、功能區(qū)間的功能整合，對國家重點生態(tài)工程項目實施高效一體化管理。加強橫向整合，克服職能交叉，明確部門分工。打破目前傳統(tǒng)的管理模式，減少相關(guān)立法中管理部門職權(quán)的條塊分割。以全面考慮、監(jiān)督實施、鞏固成果、公眾參與為原則，協(xié)調(diào)生態(tài)建設與地方其它建設活動，整合生態(tài)工程目標，整合生態(tài)工程績效，建立績效保障機制、評估機制，實施績效鞏固措施。
Optimize the management mode; innovate the integration mechanism of ecological project. Strengthen the vertical combination; establish the management system with unified leading and department cooperation structure. Implement the vertical mechanism of cross-region management in the administrative area. Establish the unified dispatching organization which composed of leaders of relevant ecological department of management system; combine the interdepartmental function integration, problem integration of internal functional district and problem integration between functional districts, implement the high-efficient management for the national key ecological project. Strengthen and horizontal integration, overcome cross functions; define the department labor division. Break the present traditional management mode; reduce the barrier between different departments of the authority administrative department in the relevant legislation. Follow the principle of overall consideration, supervision and implementation, consolidation the achievement and participation of citizens; coordinate ecological construction and construction activities of other place and integrate the objectives of ecological project; integrate the performance of ecological project; establish the security mechanism of the performance, assessment mechanism, implement performance and consolidate the measures.
3、分重點分區(qū)域開展生態(tài)恢復整治工作
3. Launch the resuming and renovating work of ecology in different focus points and areas
盡快拯救額濟納綠洲和甘肅民勤等土地沙化嚴重，生態(tài)危急區(qū)域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能。堅持以水定產(chǎn)、以水定畜、以水定人。調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)展節(jié)水型生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)。綜合生物和工程措施，加強水土流失治理。實施開發(fā)性生態(tài)移民工程，減輕生態(tài)壓力。
Save the serious desertification, ecosystem structure and function of the critical area of the ecology of Ejin Oasis and Minqin County of Gansu as soon as possible; adhere to define the output quota by water, define the rearing animal by water and define the population by water. Adjust the industrial structure and develop the water-saving ecological industry. Integrate the biology and project measure; strengthen the control if soil erosion. Implement the explorative immigrant project and lighten the ecological pressure.
繼續(xù)鞏固青藏高原水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)、黃土高原水土流失區(qū)、西南山地石漠化區(qū)、京津上游風沙源區(qū)等重點保護區(qū)域的生態(tài)治理。全面停止天然林采伐，封山（沙）育林育草，加快生態(tài)防護林體系建設，大力加強退化草場的改良和建設，合理利用草地，實行圍欄封育。加大水土保持力度，大規(guī)模開展小流域水土流失綜合治理。積極發(fā)展替代產(chǎn)業(yè)，改變粗放的經(jīng)濟增長方式，降低人為活動強度。
Continue to consolidate the ecological administration of key preservation areas such as water source conservation areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, soil erosion area of loess plateau, rock desertification area of southwest mountain region, upper reaches of sand wind area of Beijing and Tianjin. Completely prohibit fell of natural forest; seal a mountain (sand) and breed afforest and grasses; accelerate the construction of shelterbelt network of the ecology; strengthen the effective manner and construction of the degraded meadow; rationally utilize meadow; implement rail sealing and breed. Strengthen water and soil conservation; launch comprehensive administration of soil erosion in small drainage area on a large scale. Positively develop replacement industry; change the extensive style of economic increasing; reduce the intensity of artificial activities.
重視呼倫貝爾草原區(qū)、大興安嶺原始林區(qū)生態(tài)和川西北水源區(qū)等生態(tài)良好區(qū)的生態(tài)保育，逐步加大相關(guān)區(qū)域保護投入力度，確保國家尚沒有出現(xiàn)嚴重生態(tài)問題的少數(shù)區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能不受破壞。
Emphasis the ecological cultivation of the districts with sound ecology such as Hulun Buir Grassland, primitive ecology forest zone of Daxing'an Mountain area and water source in the northwest of Sichuan, etc.; gradually devote more efforts to protect in relevant area; guarantee that the few regional ecosystem structure and function without serious ecological problem in our country is free from destroy.
密切關(guān)注、監(jiān)控三峽水庫、南水北調(diào)等重大工程擾動區(qū)。建立相關(guān)區(qū)域生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能動態(tài)變化、生態(tài)災害、生態(tài)安全的監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)，實施動態(tài)監(jiān)測評估。
Pay close attention to major disturbed zone of Three Gorges Reservoir and South-North Water transportation project, etc.. Establish the relevant ecological structure and change of dynamic function, ecological calamity, early warning and monitoring system of ecology safety; implement the dynamic monitor assessment.
（六）完善生態(tài)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡，建立國家生態(tài)評估與預警體系
(6) Perfect the monitoring network of ecology, Establish national ecology assessment and early warning system
生態(tài)監(jiān)測著眼于“全面性和系統(tǒng)性”，是在時間和空間上對特定區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)組合體的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能及其組合要素等進行監(jiān)控和測試，從而為評價生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、恢復重建生態(tài)、合理利用自然資源提供依據(jù)。生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測是環(huán)境監(jiān)測中的重要內(nèi)容之一，也是環(huán)境監(jiān)測的深入與發(fā)展，是生態(tài)保護的基礎和開展生態(tài)質(zhì)量評估、預警的主要依據(jù)，也是加強生態(tài)環(huán)境管理的重要手段。目前，我國生態(tài)監(jiān)測點較多，但是都分散于林業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、中科院等各個部門，生態(tài)監(jiān)測沒有形成合理的網(wǎng)絡體系，基本上是單打獨斗，沒有形成合力，生態(tài)監(jiān)測效率低，重復監(jiān)測問題比較突出，也缺乏實時的評估預警功能。生態(tài)監(jiān)測不能滿足國家生態(tài)保護管理的需求。所以，從國家層面完善生態(tài)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡，建立一套生態(tài)評估與預警體系，對于提高生態(tài)監(jiān)測效率，提升生態(tài)保護的質(zhì)量具有重要意義。具體需要開展的戰(zhàn)略行動有：
The monitoring of ecology is focused on “Comprehensiveness and Systemic”, which is to control and test the type, structure, function and key element of composition, etc. of the ecosystem or the ecosystem assembling in specific region in the time and space domain, thus offer basis of assessment of ecological environmental quality, protection of ecological environment, resuming of ecology rebuilding, and rational utilization of natural resources. Ecological environmental monitoring is one of the important contents in the environmental monitoring, and it is the deepening and development of environmental monitoring as well; it is the foundation of ecological protection and the main basis of for development of pre-warning and assessment of ecological, and it is the important means to strengthen ecological environmental management as well. At present, there are many ecological monitoring spots in our country, however its all disperse in different departments such as forestry, agriculture and Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. The ecology monitoring has not formed the rational network system, which belongs to a scattered situation and does not form joint efforts; the monitor efficiency of ecology is low, and the problem of repeated monitoring is relatively conspicuous; it lacks the pre-warning function of real-time assessment as well. The ecology monitoring can't meet the demand national ecological protection management. Therefore, it is required to perfect the ecology monitoring network in view of the national aspect; establish a set of pre-warning system of ecology assessment has an important significance to promote the monitors efficiency of ecology and the quality of ecological protection. The concrete strategic actions are:
1、整合部門監(jiān)測站點，建立國家生態(tài)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡
1. Integrate the monitoring station of each department; establish national monitoring network of ecology
圍繞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、過程與功能，整合現(xiàn)有分散于各部門的監(jiān)測站點，加強生態(tài)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡建設，建立全國統(tǒng)一的國家、區(qū)域、站點三級監(jiān)測網(wǎng)。從宏觀與微觀多個尺度為生態(tài)質(zhì)量評估提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎，主要包括以開展生態(tài)質(zhì)量的宏觀動態(tài)監(jiān)測和微觀重點監(jiān)測為主的國家級生態(tài)監(jiān)測中心；以承擔區(qū)域（流域）的宏觀質(zhì)量資產(chǎn)監(jiān)測和重點區(qū)域調(diào)查為主的區(qū)（流）域性生態(tài)監(jiān)測分中心和以承擔各類生態(tài)因子的長期定位監(jiān)測為主要任務的建立生態(tài)監(jiān)測站點，三級機構(gòu)在信息和技術(shù)上互為支持。加強對生態(tài)監(jiān)測的指標、方法和技術(shù)的研究工作，制定全國統(tǒng)一的生態(tài)監(jiān)測標準和技術(shù)規(guī)范。最終形成以衛(wèi)星遙感監(jiān)測和地面定位監(jiān)測相結(jié)合，覆蓋全國范圍、針對各類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)問題的完整的生態(tài)監(jiān)測體系。
Integrate existing monitoring station dispersing in each department round the ecosystem structure, course and function; strengthen the construction of ecology monitor network; establish three stage monitoring station in country, area and tertiary unification. Offer the foundation data for ecological quality assessment from macroscopic and several yardstick of microcosmic, which include the national-level ecological monitoring center that mainly relies on the macroscopic dynamic monitoring and microcosmic key points monitoring, the regional (drainage area) monitoring sub-center main for monitoring of macroscopic quality assets, the regional (drainage area) monitoring sub-center for the investigation of key region (drainage are) and the ecology monitoring station mainly for monitoring of long-term localization of all kinds of ecological factors; the three stage organization is supported to each other in information and technology. Strengthen the research work of index, method and technology of ecology monitoring; formulate the national unified ecological monitoring standard and technical specification. And form the integral ecological monitoring system by the integration of remote sensing of the satellite and ground location, cover the whole area of country and aim at the various ecology system and problem.
2013.4.9