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汽、水分析方法翻譯-中英對照

發(fā)布時間:2013-7-13      閱讀次數(shù):2183

汽、水分析方法翻譯-中英對照
一.  pH的測定(pH電極法)
1 . 概要
    當氫離子選擇性電極—pH電級與甘汞參比電極同時浸入水溶液后,即組成測量電池。其中pH電極的電位隨溶液中氫離子的活度而變化。用一臺高輸入阻抗的毫伏計測量,即可

獲得同水溶液中氫離子活度相對應的電極電位,以pH值表示。即
pH = -lga[H+]
2 . 測定
(1)儀器校正:儀器開啟半小時后,按儀器說明書的規(guī)定,進行調(diào)零、溫度補償以及滿刻度校正等手續(xù)。
(2)pH定位:定位用的標準緩沖溶液應選用一種其pH值與被測溶液相近的。在定位前,先用蒸餾水沖洗電極及測試燒杯2次以上,然后用干凈濾紙將電極底部殘留的水滴輕輕吸

干。將定位溶液倒入測試燒杯內(nèi),浸入電極,調(diào)整儀器的零點、溫度補償及滿刻度校正。最后根據(jù)所用定位緩沖液的pH值將pH計定位。重復1~2次,直至誤差在允許范圍內(nèi)。定位

溶液可保留下次再用。但如有污染或使用數(shù)次后,應當更換新鮮緩沖溶液。
(3)復定位:復定位就是將上述定位后的pH計對另一pH值的標準緩沖溶液進行測定,如所測結果與復定位緩沖溶液的pH值相差±0.05pH以內(nèi)時,即可認為儀器和電極均屬正常,

可以進行pH測定。復定位溶液的處理,應按定位溶液的規(guī)定進行。
(3)水樣的測定:將復定位后的電極和測試燒杯,反復用蒸餾水沖洗2次以上,再用被測水樣沖洗2次以上。然后將電極浸入被測溶液,即可讀取儀表指示的pH值。測定完畢后,

應將電極用蒸餾水反復沖洗干凈,最后將pH電極浸泡在蒸餾水中備用。
3.注釋:
(1)新電極或長時間干燥保存的電極在使用前,應將電極在蒸餾水中浸泡過夜,使其不對稱電位趨于穩(wěn)定。如有急用,則可將上述電極浸泡在0.1M鹽酸中至少1h,然后用蒸餾水

反復沖洗干凈后才能使用。
(2)對污染的電極,可用蘸有四氯化碳或乙醚的棉花輕輕擦凈
電極的頭部。如發(fā)現(xiàn)敏感泡外壁有微銹,可將電極浸泡在5~10%的鹽酸中,待銹消除后再用,但絕不可浸泡在濃酸中,以防敏感薄膜嚴重脫
(3)進行pH測定時,還必須考慮到玻璃電極的“鈉差”問題,即被測水樣中鈉離子的濃度對氫離子測定的干擾。特別是對pH>10.5的高pH測定,必須選用優(yōu)質(zhì)的高堿pH電極,以減

少“鈉差”的影響。
(4)溫度對pH值測定的準確性影響較大。對于pH大于8.3的水樣,在相同的酚酞堿度下,出現(xiàn)實測pH值隨水溫升高而直線下降的現(xiàn)象。其原因是由于溫度變化,引起了眾多影響pH

值的因素改變,儀器上的溫度補償僅能消除一個因素的影響。為了消除溫度影響,水樣可采取水浴升溫或降溫的措施,使pH的測定在25℃時進行。當采用記錄溫度并進行溫度校正

的方式測定堿性水的pH值時,那么實測酚酞堿度計算出的pH值與溫度校正后的pH值,兩者相差小于±0.1pH,測定的pH值才符合要求。
(5)要保證玻璃電極中的飽和KCL不能缺,如缺少應及時加滿。
Chapter five Electrolysis hypochlorous acid sodium processing system of sea water
First section system survey
Section one .System structure:
I. The Electrolysis hypochlorous acid sodium processing system of sea water is comprised by se water transmission system, sea water pretreatment system (filter), hypochlorous acid system, sodium hypochlorite buffer storage and hydrogen discharging system, sodium hypochlorite solution feeding system, acid washing system and electricity and control system, etc..
The salt water system is comprised b 3 sea water booster pumps and the corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;
The sea water pretreatment system mainly is comprised by filter and corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;
The sodium hypochlorite producing system is comprised by 2 sets of sodium hypochlorite generators, corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;
The sodium hypochlorite buffer storage and hydrogen discharging system are comprised by 2 sodium hypochlorite solution storing tanks and the corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;

The sodium hypochlorite solution operating system is comprised by 3 cooling water pumps continuous dosing pumps, 2 compact dosing pumps, 2 sea water pretreatments adding pumps, 2 hyperfiltration fluid transmission pump and the corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;

The acid pickling system is comprised by 1 acid liquor storing tank, 1 acid unloading and transmission pump, 1 sour tank washer, 1 acid pickling pumps, 1 acid fog absorber, 1 security  shower and the corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;

Closed-cycle cooling system is comprised by titanium heat interchanger, buffer water tank, water pump and the corresponding pipelines, valves, fittings, measuring appliances, supports, etc.;

The electricity and control system is comprised by a rectification transformer, a rectifier, a low pressure power distribution cabinet, a control cabinet and a measuring appliance, etc.
武漢開發(fā)區(qū)翻譯公司
2013.7.13

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