被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)譯法

          

       

             This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount

            of research not related to immediate goals but of possible

            consequences in the future.

            【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句應(yīng)先譯by supporting…這個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)，再譯主句This seems mostly effectively

            done.

            【參考譯文】給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)但在將來(lái)可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來(lái)通常能有效地解決這個(gè)問題。

            New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it

            is not likely to result in any situation that will restore that

            sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.

            【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)new sources of energy must be found 應(yīng)譯為主動(dòng)。

            【參考譯文】我們必須要找到新地能源，但這需要時(shí)間；而過(guò)去我們感到地那種能源廉價(jià)而充足地情況，將不大可能再出現(xiàn)了。

            The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in

            any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty rears or so at

            the present rate of use.

            【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句中地被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣直接以為被動(dòng)句。

            【參考譯文】石油供應(yīng)可能隨時(shí)被切斷；不管怎樣，以目前這種消費(fèi)速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會(huì)枯竭。

            Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of

            fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and

            philosophers of science.

            【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以直接譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

            【參考譯文】工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來(lái)在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。

            And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind

            can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have

            to be acquired by a sort of special training.

            【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這個(gè)句子有三個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：…. is imagined…， …be compared…, …be

            required…。第一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的后面有動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，這種被動(dòng)有時(shí)只要把動(dòng)作發(fā)出者提到前面就可以變成主動(dòng): it is

            imagined by many that = many imagine that,

            上海道正認(rèn)為譯起來(lái)也比較容易；"許多人認(rèn)為…"，這屬于被動(dòng)改主動(dòng)的第一種情況。第二種情況是漢語(yǔ)不需要做任何改動(dòng)就能將被動(dòng)譯成主動(dòng)，句中第二個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就屬于這種情況，be

            compared with

            可以直接譯為："與…….相比較"，因?yàn)?quot;與…被比較"在漢語(yǔ)里顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。第三種情況則需要對(duì)整個(gè)句子做很大的調(diào)整才能正確處理好：句中第三個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后面雖然有介詞by引導(dǎo)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，但簡(jiǎn)單地交換主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的位置顯然行不通，根據(jù)上海道正學(xué)校教學(xué)與研究表明這種情況通常是由于詞的使用造成的，如代詞they到底指什么？動(dòng)詞required在句中究竟是什么意思？解決這些問題需要進(jìn)一步了解英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在用詞上的差異。

            【參考譯文】許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法和科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比，他們還以為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。

             譯路通武漢漢口翻譯公司整理

2012.6.2