幾個(gè)類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：
A. as it stands 根據(jù)目前情況來(lái)看
As it stands, it is certain that our country can realize the four modernization ahead of schedule.
B. such as it is不怎么樣，質(zhì)量不過(guò)如此
The room, such as it is, is very bright.
C. as it were ＝as if it were so.屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用于插入語(yǔ)。不可以與as it is 混淆
He is , as it were, a living dictionary.
Comrade Lei Feng still lives, as it were , in our heart.
10.have + the + 抽象名詞 ＋不定式
I had the fortune to succeed.我很幸運(yùn)獲得了成功。
have = possess原來(lái)指肉體和精神上的特征，現(xiàn)作為一種天賦而具有的。
She had the cheek ( = impudence) to say such a thing. = She was so impudent as to say such a thing.她厚顏無(wú)恥地說(shuō)出這樣的話。
How can you have the heart ( = hard-heartness) to drown such darling little kittens?
你何忍心把如此可愛(ài)的小貓淹死？
11.名詞＋of +a +名詞
It was a great moutain of a wave.波浪如山高。
That fool of a Tom did it. 這是湯姆那個(gè)笨蛋做的。
That old cripple of a Henn.那個(gè)年老的殘廢者亨。
It would make the deuce of a scandal.這會(huì)弄得聲名狼藉的。
of前后的名詞指同一人或物體。其中的“名詞＋of”后出現(xiàn)的名詞前面，必須有一個(gè)不定詞，即使是固有名詞，該冠詞也不可省略。
a devil of a man = a devish man
a rascal of a fellow = a rascally fellow
12. in +人
They have an enemy in him.他才是他們的敵人。
分析：in = in the person of （在那人身上），表示一個(gè)人身上具有的性質(zhì)、資格、能力等。原來(lái)是由于形狀（與形狀有關(guān)的in，如：in a circle; in print; in a heap; in couples; in human shape; in ruins等）所轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)的，而有“即....是也”、“就是”的含義。這種in多出現(xiàn)在find, see, behold, lose等動(dòng)詞后面。
He had something of the hero in him.
China lost a great artist in (the death of ) Chi Paishi.
13.short of / be short of / nothing short of
short=except，是副詞的用法。在前面可以使用的動(dòng)詞有：come, fall, run等，表示“不足”、“缺乏”的意思，其中“of”做“from”解釋。至于be short of 與nothing short of 中的“short of”則為形容詞。be short of 表示“不足”或“離開”；nothing short of表示“完全”。
1）Short of theft, I will do anything I can for you.
2)We are short of hands at present.
3)His conduct was nothing short of madness.他的行為簡(jiǎn)直發(fā)了狂。
14.anything but / nothing but / all but
在英文中anything but＝never;意即“除此之外，別的都是”，是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的否定；
nothing but=only; 意即“除此之外，別的都不是”；
all but=almost; nearly
三種用法中，but都有“except”含義
15.much more / much less
He likes a child, much more a baby.他喜歡小孩，更加喜歡嬰孩。
He doesn't like a child, much less a baby.他步喜歡小孩，更加不喜歡嬰孩。
解釋：
much more 用于肯定句之后，表示程度增加；表示更多，much可以改為still
much less用于否定句之后，表示程度減少；表示更少，可譯為“何況”、“還論”
16.more........than.......can“達(dá)到不可能的程度”
morethan................can"簡(jiǎn)直不可能"
He earns more money than he can spend.
17.more than + 動(dòng)詞，譯為“深為， 十二分的”
This more than satisfied me.這使我十二分的滿意。
More is meant than meets the ear.有言外之意。
What we lose in flowers we more than gain in fruits.
18.less.......than
During the week he saw less of her than usual.在那一個(gè)星期內(nèi)，他比平常要少見(jiàn)到她。
less.......than“較少”、“較差”、“不及”、“不如”。該less做形容詞時(shí)好翻譯，做副詞解釋時(shí)難譯。
Proof-reading is not interesting, still less so when it is one's own work.
Proof-reading is uninteresting, still more so when it is one's own work.
His lecture left me less than satisfactory.他的演講怎么也不能使我滿意。
He observed with interest the errors of her face and figure, the thin underlip, too heavily penciled eyebrows, and her legs less than slim although not actually skinny.
他感興趣地望著她面孔和身體上的一些缺點(diǎn)，那太薄的下唇，畫的太濃的眉毛和她那瘦弱的雙腿，雖然還沒(méi)有達(dá)到皮包骨頭的程度。
19.the + 比較級(jí)＋理由
I like him all the better for his faults.因?yàn)樗腥秉c(diǎn)，所以我更加喜歡他。
連接“理由”部分的可以為：for, because, on account of , owing to 等，前面部分常常出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：all(much)the + 比較級(jí)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的the = to that degree.
20.what he is / what he has
We honour him for what he is , not for what he has.
我們尊敬的是他的人品，而不是他的財(cái)富。
what he is ＝his character
what he has = his property
It is not a question how much a man knows, but use what he can make of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.
問(wèn)題不在于一個(gè)人知道多少，而在于他能否運(yùn)用他的知識(shí)；問(wèn)題不在于他所學(xué)為何，受過(guò)怎樣的教育，而在于他的人品，以及他的能力。
21.what + 名詞 / what + little + 名詞
He gave me what money he had about him.他把他身上所有的錢都給了我。
I gave him what little mony I had.我竭盡綿薄之力將僅有的錢都給了他。
what + 名詞 含有“all the ....that”或“that....which”含義。譯為“所有的。。。。”，what做關(guān)系代名詞。
what + little（few等一類詞） + 名詞 含有“雖少但全部”或“所僅有的”
She saved what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school.
22.what with........and what with / what by ...... and what by
What with illness and what with losses, he is almost ruined.半因?yàn)樯�，半因�(yàn)樘潛p，他幾乎整個(gè)兒毀了。
What by brikes and what by extortions, he made money.
或由受賄，或由勒索，他發(fā)財(cái)了。
此為what的副詞用法，可譯為“多少（＝somewhat）”、“半（＝patrly）”
what with........and what with表示“原因”
what by ...... and what by表示“手段”
What with overwork and under-nourishment he fell ill.
由于過(guò)勞，加上營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足，他終于病倒了。
23.if any
1)He despises honour, if any one does.世界上真有人輕視榮譽(yù)的話，他便是一個(gè)。
2）He has little, if any, money.他即令有錢，也是極少的。
if any , if ever 意思是“果真有，即令有的話”，相當(dāng)于if there is (are) any at all.。它通常是伴隨有l(wèi)ittle, few, seldom等準(zhǔn)否定詞。與此相近的用法還有if anything，意思是“if at all”或“if there is any difference”,可以譯為“倘若有異同，如果稍有區(qū)別的話”。還有“if a day”意思是“at least”。
There is little , if any , hope.希望甚微。
It occurs seldom, if ever( = seldom or never).真有其事，也不常發(fā)生。
If anything, he is a little better today.如有什么不同，他比昨天好了一點(diǎn)。
The greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank or power.真正的偉大是和權(quán)力與地位毫無(wú)關(guān)系的。
譯路通武漢江漢區(qū)翻譯公司整理
2012.6.21