鐵路補(bǔ)救檢修操作流程-中英對(duì)照
在每月前5天內(nèi)，SRO必須獲得上月份的定期檢測(cè)結(jié)果。同時(shí)公司工程師必須對(duì)這些報(bào)告進(jìn)行分析，鑒別錯(cuò)誤的位置，火車以額定速度運(yùn)行的安全沖擊的范圍進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并且將要求的維修種類作如下分類：
1.緊急補(bǔ)救檢修：一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)故障，執(zhí)行必要檢修作業(yè)防止直接風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
2.緊急校正檢修：對(duì)任何可以影響火車安全的故障，進(jìn)行必要糾正檢修作業(yè)；如果發(fā)現(xiàn)故障后的7天內(nèi)沒有進(jìn)行校正，要求在隨后的數(shù)天內(nèi)，加快修理速度。
3.定期檢修：對(duì)沒有危害火車的安全運(yùn)行的故障進(jìn)行必要的檢修，然而，為了避免危險(xiǎn)故障的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，應(yīng)該予以糾正。在這樣的情況下，故障的檢修應(yīng)該按照時(shí)間表上標(biāo)明的故障性質(zhì)進(jìn)行修理。
4預(yù)防性檢修：處理缺陷在初始狀態(tài)時(shí)必要的檢修工作， 但并不是指任何的火車安全危險(xiǎn)，故障的檢修應(yīng)該按照時(shí)間表上標(biāo)明的故障性質(zhì)進(jìn)行修理。
Co.必須將一份緊急校正檢修作業(yè)計(jì)劃提交給SRO，并立即開展該計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。 至于定期的維修計(jì)劃，必須在實(shí)施月份當(dāng)月的前5天內(nèi)提交給SRO。預(yù)防維修計(jì)劃必須在檢修開始的前6個(gè)月提交給SRO，以便在開始實(shí)施前獲得SRO評(píng)審和批準(zhǔn)。
第3：檢修工作的實(shí)施
鐵軌維修
(1).鐵軌更換和焊接：
Co的焊接組將按照區(qū)域分為的3個(gè)小組，保證完成主要鐵路的更換和焊接任務(wù)，以及全部相關(guān)活動(dòng)包括：
- 如有必要，準(zhǔn)備工作場(chǎng)地和鐵軌漏電止動(dòng)器的安裝。
- 與交通部門協(xié)調(diào)，指定完工的適當(dāng)期限。
- 用鋸床對(duì)鐵軌和圓盤進(jìn)行切割和替換。
- 手工執(zhí)行錨栓和鐵軌的移除。
- 新鐵軌安裝和修理。
- 對(duì)可熔接焊接提供必要壓力和焊接。
- 使用手工磨為焊接點(diǎn)提供必要的研磨。
- 如有必要，確定低速運(yùn)行的極限點(diǎn)。
(2).鐵軌的研磨：
Co的研磨小組必須將鐵軌起伏的幅度，在主要鐵路線路上（1）控制在0.1毫米，主要鐵路線路上（2）控制在0.2毫米對(duì)預(yù)防性檢修做準(zhǔn)備，使用摩擦性安裝的主要鐵路不包括在內(nèi),無論是由Co.還是其它SRO的訂約人。由(Loram)負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行SRO提供的研磨作業(yè)。Co.必須提供必要的人員，操作材料和必要零備件，并包括磨石。
錨栓檢修：
Co.的維修隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)承擔(dān)檢修作業(yè)的責(zé)任，包括替換斷裂和生銹的螺栓。根據(jù)檢修手冊(cè)的說明，執(zhí)行丟失螺栓的復(fù)原和松散螺栓的收緊作業(yè),在任何情況下，每千米不合格螺栓的百分比不得超過5%，這項(xiàng)工作包括木制楔形物和塑料楔形物的固定或替換；如果SRO 訂單有要求，Co.必須每年在km18 和km40之間的沼澤地區(qū)替換10%的錨栓。
錨栓檢修工作必須在不需要接管線路或者停止火車行駛的情況下進(jìn)行。在這條線上沒有火車行駛時(shí)，完成作業(yè)。
3- 墊木維護(hù)：
Co.的檢修隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)墊木進(jìn)行維護(hù)，根據(jù)SRO 的每度維修說明，墊木維護(hù)包括損壞墊木的替換維修，確保沒有連續(xù)3個(gè)損壞的墊木，每公里損壞墊木的數(shù)量不得超過5%。
如果每公里被替換的墊木沒有超過10%，而且連續(xù)損壞的墊木不超過5個(gè)，線路的扎束作業(yè)可以采用手工扎束，否則將采用機(jī)械扎束作業(yè)。
堆筑材料維護(hù)：
公司維修隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)在鐵軌之間(壓艙物) 堆筑材料部分的維護(hù)，并調(diào)節(jié)的鐵路的枕木的距離，以便堆筑材料部分的厚度不超過墊木表面的5com。如果有要求，堆筑材料維護(hù)工作包括對(duì)SRO增加厚度的堆筑材料的卸載作業(yè)。
5-鐵路軌道檢修：
Co.小組必須使用機(jī)械執(zhí)行鐵路軌道的扎束作業(yè)，在水平或垂直方向?qū)�軌道進(jìn)行修正，并符合SRO檢修手冊(cè)的要求弧度。鐵路軌道的檢修將在有可見錯(cuò)誤和質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)員(110)根據(jù)SRO的故障記錄器記錄的地區(qū)進(jìn)行。
6-岔道維修：
如有必要，Co.維修隊(duì)將在焊接小組的幫助下，完成鐵軌岔道的維護(hù)。岔道任何損壞的零部件必須根據(jù)SRO的檢修手冊(cè)工程說明的規(guī)定進(jìn)行替換，包括使用SRO的壓實(shí)器收緊錨栓，調(diào)整尺寸，手工或者機(jī)械方式壓緊堆筑材料的作業(yè)。
During the first five dyas of each month SRO must receive results of the periodicaql inspections that were obtained during the elapsed month. At the same time the Co. engineers shall have to analyze such reports, indentify the faults, evaluate the extent of their impact on safety of the trains travel at the rated speeds and classify the categories of the required maintenance as follows:
1. Urgent remedial maint: these are the necessary maintenance works to prevent immediate risk as soon as such faults have been detected.
2. Urgent corrective maintenance: the necessary maintenance works to rectify any detected faults that may affect safety of the trains, if not corrected within 7 days from their detection,which require fast repair during the next few days.
3. periodical maintenance: the necessary maintenance In case of faults that are not threatening safety of the trains running, but should be rectified in order not to develop to hazardous faults. In such case, these faults should be repaired according to a time schedule conformable with the nature of the fault.
4. Preventive maintenance: These are the maintenance works which are necessary to treat starting defects, but not representing any risk to safety of the trains and they should be repaired according to a time schedule conformable with the nature of the fault.

The Co.shall have to submit to SRO an immediate program for the urgent corrective maintenance works and to start instant execution of such programs. As for the periodical maintenance schedule it must be submitted to SRO during the first 5 days of the month preceding the month of execution. The preventive maintenance schedule must be submitted to SRO 6 months ahead of starting, in order to be reviewed and approved by SRO prior to commencement of its implementation.

Third: Execution of Maintenance works
1- Rail Maintenance
(1). Replacement and welding of rails:
   The welding team of the Co. shall be formed of 3 groups deployed according to the sections, to assure the task of replacement and welding the rails of the main railroads and all associated activities including:
- Preparing the job site and installing creepage stopper for the rails, if necessary.
- Coordination with the traffic department in order to specify the proper time to finish the work.
- Cutting the rails with disc sawing machine in order to be replaced.
- Removal of the anchors and the rail to be performed manually.
- Installing and fixing the new rails.
- Making the necessary stress and welding through thermite welding.
- Making the necessary grinding for the weld points with manual grinder.
- Establishing low speed limit points, if necessary.

(2). Rail Grinding:
   The grinding team of the Co. shall assure the task of treating the problem of the rails corrugation when it reaches 0.1 mm maximum for the main railway No (1) on 0.2 mm max. for the main railway No (2) as preventive maintenance besides one rub for the new rails installed on the main railways, whether installedby the Co., SRO on other contractors. Such grinding to be performed by (Loram) provided by SRO and the Co. shall have to provide the necessary crew, operation materials and the nessary spare parts including the grinding stones.

2- Anchors Maintenance:
The maintenance teams of the Co. shall undertake the respinsibility of this maintenance activities including replacement fo the broken and rusted bolts. Reinstatement of any missing bolts and tightening the loose bolts according to the instructions of the maintenance manual, provided that in all cases the percentage of improper bolts shall not exceed 5% in quantity in one km. This work includes also fixing wooden wedges or replacement of the plastic wedges and the Co.shall have to replace 10% of the anchors annually at the swamp area between km18 and km40, if SRO orders so.
The anchors maintenance works shall be carried out without the need to take over the line or to stop the trains. Completion shall be achieved when there are no trains on the line.
3- Sleepers Maintenance:
The Co.maintenance teams shall be responsible for maintenance of the sleepers which includes replacement of the damaged sleepers according to the instructions of the maintenance annual of SRO, provided that no three successive damaged sleepers will be left and the quantity of the damaged sleepers shall not exceed 5% of the sleepers quantity in one km.

If the replaced sleepers are not exceeding 10% of the sleepers in one km and not exceeding 5 successive sleepers, manual compaction shall be used to compact the line, otherwise mechanical compaction shall be applied.

4- Embankment maintenance:
The Co. maintenance team shall assume maintenance of the embankment (Ballast) section between the rails and on the shoulders of the railway to be regulated so that the thickness of the ballast section shall not exceed 5 com on the face of the sleeper. The ballast maintenance works include unloading SRO hoppers where the ballast thickness increase if required.

5- Maintenance of the Railway Track:
The Co. team shall have to compact the railway track mechanically to correct the track horizontally and vertically, as well as the curves according to the instructions of the maintenance manual of SRO. Maintenance of the railway track shall be carried out for the areas where there are visible faults and where the quality indicator reads over(110) according to the data of the fault recorder of SRO.
6- Switch Maintenance:
The Co. maintenance team shall assure maintenance of the switch-rails with the help of the welding teams, if necessary. Any damaged components of the switches shall be replaced according to the maintenance manual of SRO and the specs of the project including all pertinent works such as tightening the anchors, adjustment of tolerances, complestion of the ballast sectors and compaction manually or mechanically with SRO compactors.
7- Culvert Maintenance:
The maintenance team of the Co. assisted by the mechanical team, if necessary, shall undertake maintenance of the culverts to be maintained free from any obstacles to allow smooth flow of water in the culvert, besides leveling the soil outside the culvert to ensure no water pooling around the railway.
8- Bridge Maintenance:
  The Co. maintenance crew shall have to maintain integrity of the railway and its components within the borders of the bridge, particularly the level of the rails which must be in compliance with the design values, with 5 mm tolerance plus or minus.

9- Maintenance of The Railway embankment:
The mechanical teams of the Co. shall be responsible for maintenance of the embankment defects resulting form storm water and erosion caused by wind etc. in compliance with the instruction of SRO manual. This work includes all associated works such as leveling the sides and back filling.
10- Intersections Maintenance:
The Co. maintenance teams assisted by the welding teams and the mechanical compaction groups shall assume the junctions maintenance. This activity includes rectifying any faults in the railway within the intersection area, in compliance with the instruction of SRO manual. This maintenance work includes, also removal and reinstatement of the asphalt according to the specs of the Ministry of Transport and making diversions for cars, if necessary. Welding of the rails should be done outside the intersection area, as far as possible.

The intersection maintenance works include also maintenance of the bumps, warning signs and the barricades on asphalt roads.
11- Maintenance of Sign Boards and Camel traps:
The Co. maintenance team shall have to maintain the sign boards and camel traps. This includes replacement of any damaged sign boards in compliance with the instruction of SRO manual, excavation, fixing the sign boards and the marks of the optic fiber cable route.

The maintenance team shall also maintain the camel traps, replacement of the damaged parts and reinstatement.
12- Sand Control and Cleanliness of the Railway:
The maintenance teams of the Co. shall assume the sand control works which include:

- Removal of sand between rails and the shoulders of the ballast layer so that the sand level will be always below the top of the rails.
- Removal of sand from the run out detectors.
- Maintain the shoulders to remain free from any sand accumulation.
- Removal of any obstacles form the railroad.
- Spraying oil on the sides of the railroad where is necessary.
- Installation of nylon screen as sand barrier in some areas. SRO shall provide the required materials.
- In case of storms, the maintenance team shall have to check the condition of the raiway to ensure no accumulation of sand.
- Removal of grass between the rails and on the sides of the railroad ups to 5 meters width in both sides including removal of any wastes near the line.
13- Maintenance of the Run Out Detectors:
The maintenance team of the Co. shall have to maintain the run out detectors and repair or replace the damaged units. SRO shall provide the necessary spare parts in addition to (10) stand-by detectors.
14- Fence Maintenance:
The maintenance team of the Co. shall have to perform the maintenance work for the fence if there is any tear or opening in it. SRO shall provide the required materials.
15- Accident Occurrence
In case of any accident the maintenance team shall have to rush to the venue of the accident in order to carry out the required works as ordered by the head of the accidents committee of SRO. Work must continue round the clock to reinstate the line regardless of who caused the accident. The mechanical team with heavy equipment must be dedicated to the site as necessary together with any maintenance team to ensure fast reinstatement of the line. All working teams on the accident side shall be provided with food according to the direction of the accidents in charge.

武漢翻譯公司

2013.4.16