工業(yè)發(fā)明說明書翻譯-中英對照
標(biāo)題：“特定合成液體，可在摩擦機(jī)構(gòu)之間形成有效潤滑薄膜，減少在高溫潤滑條件下造成的摩擦和磨損”。
名稱：etto， 地址：di Godego(Tv)市，郵政編碼31030；Via Trento 12號。
申請時間： 2010年06月30日，編號TV2010A000093
發(fā)明人： .
發(fā)明領(lǐng)域：本發(fā)明與潤滑劑化工行業(yè)相關(guān)，該潤滑劑用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)和機(jī)械液體。發(fā)明涉及一種有效潤滑薄膜的穩(wěn)定可再生結(jié)構(gòu)，這種潤滑薄膜替代了相對較活潑的薄膜，并且進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)定地減少了在操作溫度為200℃和300℃的條件下工作機(jī)械之間的摩擦 。發(fā)明涉及摩擦零部件之間的聚二甲基硅氧烷有效保護(hù)薄膜的結(jié)構(gòu)，部件之間的摩擦由微振磨損所產(chǎn)生。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它在較高溫度下的蒸氣耗損非常低，因此它是一種有效的、可以對聚二甲基硅氧烷超薄薄膜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)的潤滑劑，這種超薄薄膜可以與不同的金屬表面進(jìn)行相互作用，從而提高了其自身的潤滑能力。這種薄膜的存在可以通過使用一種分析技術(shù)進(jìn)行驗證，該分析技術(shù)即紅外光譜分析技術(shù)。本發(fā)明的潤滑劑可以用于機(jī)油箱和內(nèi)燃機(jī)的潤滑，也可以用于使用汽油、柴油、生物柴油、乙醇和燃?xì)獾膬?nèi)燃機(jī)潤滑。發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：礦物油是應(yīng)用最為廣泛的潤滑劑。礦物油是由原油生產(chǎn)而來，而原油是從世界不同地區(qū)鉆探得到的。將礦物油用于特定機(jī)械的潤滑有利有弊，這在潤滑劑和潤滑系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的選擇上都要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的考慮。盡管合成油、潤滑固體和耐磨高分子發(fā)展迅速，但是礦物油的成本較低，如此以來，將來礦物油還會被繼續(xù)在很多行業(yè)內(nèi)應(yīng)用很長一段時間。雖然礦物油具有一些優(yōu)點，例如實用性和相對較低的成本，但是它們同時也具有很多嚴(yán)重的缺陷，例如，在較高溫度下會氧化并降低粘度，在強(qiáng)氧化劑存在的情況下會發(fā)生燃燒或者爆炸，在較低溫度下容易凝固等。通常情況下，在操作和磨損過程中礦物油容易發(fā)生化學(xué)分解，這使其使用條件變得苛刻。起初，合成潤滑劑是在本世紀(jì)初由缺乏可靠的礦物油供應(yīng)的國家進(jìn)行研制的。這些潤滑劑非常昂貴，開始時并不為公眾所認(rèn)可。合成油的應(yīng)用是漸漸地發(fā)展起來的，特別是在一些不宜使用礦物油的特定潤滑領(lǐng)域。但是，盡管特定合成潤滑劑在一些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)成功地替代了礦物油并持續(xù)了很長時間，其大規(guī)模的引入和常規(guī)應(yīng)用只是近幾年才發(fā)展起來。經(jīng)過認(rèn)真選擇的添加劑在提高潤滑油性能方面非常有效。能夠提高摩擦和磨損性能的添加劑可能是用于潤滑油配方的最重要添加劑。在潤滑劑的發(fā)展歷程中，研究人員付出了很多努力來開發(fā)具有耐磨性質(zhì)的添加劑。五十多年來，二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅（ZDDP）一直被用作耐磨添加劑。但是，二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅（ZDDP）會產(chǎn)生灰燼，從而增大發(fā)動機(jī)排放物微粒的尺寸。考慮到二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅的這一缺點，研究人員又付出了很多努力，以期制得不含或含較少量二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅的潤滑混合物。然而，需要指出的是，添加劑并不是解決所有潤滑問題的“萬靈藥”。潤滑油添加劑會在使用中與機(jī)械金屬零部件和環(huán)境發(fā)生反應(yīng)而變質(zhì)。它們所產(chǎn)生的問題與它們所能解決的問題相當(dāng)；例如，與基礎(chǔ)潤滑劑和其它種類的添加劑的不相容性會導(dǎo)致大量的故障。
DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL INVENTION
Having the title: “Specific synthetic liquid suitable for the formation of its own super lubricating film between mechanisms in friction, in order to decrease friction and wear under high temperature lubrication conditions”.
In the name of Mauro De Benedetto, Via Trento no 12, 31030 Castello di Godego (Tv) Italy.
標(biāo)題：“特定合成液體，可在摩擦機(jī)構(gòu)之間形成有效潤滑薄膜，減少在高溫潤滑條件下造成的摩擦和磨損”。
名稱：Mauro De Benedetto， 地址：意大利Castello di Godego(Tv)市，郵政編碼31030；Via Trento 12號。
Filed on: 30th June 2010, with assigned number TV2010A000093
Designated inventor: Mauro De Benedetto.
Field of the invention: The present invention relates to the field of the chemical industry of lubricants for internal-combustion engines and mechanical fluids. It regards the stable and renewable formation of a super lubricating film, which replaces the less noble film, to further and stably reduce the friction between mechanisms working in conditions having operation temperatures between 200° and 300° Celsius. The invention regards the formation of a super protective film of PDMS between parts in friction, which occurs as a result of their fretting. It has been found that its evaporation loss at high temperatures is very low, and therefore it is an efficient lubricant which adjusts the formation of PDMS ultra-thin layers which interact with different metal surfaces, thus increasing its own lubrication capacity. The existence of this film was confirmed using an analytical technique, i.e. infrared spectroscopy. The lubricant of this invention can be used in the lubrication of sump and internal-combustion engines, and can be also used in lubrication of combustion engines fed by gasoline, diesel oil, bio-diesel, alcohol, and gas. Current State of the Art:  Mineral oils are the most widespread lubricants. They are produced from crude petroleum which is drilled in different parts of the world. There are some advantages and shortcomings in mineral oil application to lubricate specific machinery, and these must be considered carefully in the choice of a lubricant and the design of a lubrication system. The cost of the mineral oils is low and despite the quick development of synthetic oils, lubricating solids and wear-resistant polymers, it seems they will be employed for a long time in the future in many industries. Although the several positive features, such as the availability and the relatively low cost, mineral oils have also many heavy defects, including oxidation and viscosity loss at high temperatures, combustion or explosion in presence of strong oxidative agents, and solidification at low temperatures. In general, mineral oils are prone to chemical degradation during operation and wear processes increase the seriousness of conditions. Originally, the synthetic lubricants were developed at the beginning of the century by countries lacking a reliable mineral oil supply. These lubricants were expensive and initially did not get general recognition. The use of synthetic oils increased gradually, especially in more specialized applications in which mineral oils are inadequate. Even though synthetic specialized lubricants replaced mineral oil successfully in several applications and for many years, their introduction on a large scale and for general use is recent. Additives carefully chosen are extremely effective in improving the performances of oil. Additives able to improve the properties of friction and wear are probably the most important additives used in oil formulations. In lubricant development, many efforts were made to provide additives which could exhibit anti-wear properties. For more than fifty years zinc dithiophosphates (ZDDP) were used as anti-wear additives. However, zinc dithiophosphates (ZDDP) originate ash and increase the particulate in motor emissions. Considering this deficiency in zinc dithiophosphates, efforts were made to obtain lubricating mixtures without zinc and phosphorus, or at least that contain them in little amounts. However, it is necessary to point out that additives are not the cure-all for any lubrication problems. Additives in oil can deteriorate during the use since they react with the metal parts of the machinery and environment. They can create as many problems as they solve; for instance, the incompatibility with the base lubricant and other additives caused expensive industrial failures
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2013.10.21