Creating Colors

There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called

additive, starts with three  basic colors   and adds them together to produce

some other colors.  The second method, called subtractive, starts with

white light (a mixture of all colors in the spectrum) and by taking away

some or all other colors leaves the one desired.

In the additive method separate colored lights are combined to produce

various other colors. The three additive    primary colors are green, red and

blue (each proportions, about one third of the wavelengths in the  total        

spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions,  they can produce all colors.

Green and red light mix to produce yellow,       red and blue light mix to

produce magenta, green  and blue  mix to produce cyan.  When equal  parts

of all three  of    these primary colored beams of light overlap, the mixture

appears white to the eye.

In the subtractive process, colors are produced when dye (as in paint or

color photographic materials) absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on

only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries  are  cyan  (a 

blulish  green),  magenta  (a  purplish  pink),  and  yellow;  these  are 

the pigments or  dyes that  absorb red, green and  blue wavelengths,        

respectively,  thus subtracting them from white light.  These dye  colors

are the  complementary colors to the  three    additive primaries of red, 

green and blue. Properly combined,  the subtractive primaries can absorb 

all colors of         light,  producing black. But,  mixed in  varying proportions

they too  can  produce any color in the spectrum.

Whether a particular color  is obtained  by adding colored lights  together

or  by subtracting some light from the    total spectrum, the result looks the

same to the eye. The additive process was employed for early color      

photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical

techniques,  has turned out to be  more practical and is the basis of all 

modern color films.

創(chuàng)造顏色

有兩種方法可以使照片具有色彩。  一種叫加色法，通過把三種基本顏色相疊 加以產(chǎn)生其它色彩。

另一種叫減色法，通過去除白色(其實(shí)是光譜中所有顏色相混合的結(jié)果) 中的某些或其它所有色彩而把所需的色彩留下來。  在加色法中，不同顏色的光線混合以產(chǎn)

生其它各種色彩。  加色法三原色是綠、紅和藍(lán)(其中每一種占據(jù)總光譜中三分之一的波長)。 這三種色彩以不同比例相疊加可以產(chǎn)生所有色彩。

綠光和紅光疊加可產(chǎn)生黃色，紅光與藍(lán) 光疊加可產(chǎn)生品紅色，綠光與藍(lán)光疊加可產(chǎn)生青綠色。 當(dāng)這三種原色光以相同比例疊加時， 眼睛所見的就成為白色。

而在減色法中，染料(比如在繪畫顏料或彩色照相材料中)吸收了 部分波長而只允許分光譜通過，從而產(chǎn)生各種色彩。  減色法三原色是青綠色、品紅(略帶紫

色的粉紅色)和黃色；  也就是可分別吸收紅光、綠光和藍(lán)光的色料或染料，從而去除白色光 中的這些色彩。這些染料色是加色法的三原色紅、綠、藍(lán)的相互補(bǔ)充。

適當(dāng)組合時，減色 法三原色能吸收光線中的所有色彩，產(chǎn)生黑色。  但當(dāng)它們以不同的比例疊加時，也能產(chǎn)生 光譜中所有顏色。

不論某種顏色是通過把不同色彩的光線疊加還是把光譜中某些顏色的光 去除掉而產(chǎn)生的，它的視覺效果是一樣的。 早期彩色攝影采用加色法。 但減色法盡管需要

復(fù)雜的化學(xué)技術(shù)，最終比前者更加實(shí)用，并成為現(xiàn)代彩色電影的基礎(chǔ)。

譯路通武漢翻譯公司

2012.7.27